Page 50 - Kimia Asyik

RINGKASAN MATERI KIMIA SMA

Δ = = − = ℎ = Jari-jari: Nomor massa = jumlah proton + jumlah neutron
Konfigurasi elektron (prinsip Aufbau):
1 1 = . 0,529

= −2,18 10 − 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p

Tetapan Rydberg: Muatan Formal: MF = EV -1/2EI –EN
1 1 1 1,10 x 10 m -1 S . ±
7

= −1,10 10 − = ; = ∑ − 1; = − (3 );

= − ; PEP = Pasangan Elektron Pusat; B = Bebas; I = Ikatan

Gaya VDW: Gaya London (dispersi), Konsep Mol:
o
23
STP (O C, 1 atm), 1 mol = 22,4 L = 6,022 x 10 partikel/mol
non-polar; CH 4 < Gaya dipol-dipol,
Gas Ideal: pV = nRT -> pV = (m/Ar)RT -> p = MRT ->  = MRT
polar; aseton < Ikatan Hidrogen, H Gas VDW:

terikat pada F,O,N; H 2O + ( − ) = ; + ( − ) =

Struktur Lewis H 2 SO 4
Jari atom bertambah Jari atom berkurang Orbital hibrida Orientasi Contoh Sudut
Pot. Ionisasi berkurang Pot. Ionisasi bertambah sp Linear BeCl 2 180
o
Elektronegativitas berkurang Elektronegativitas bertambah sp Trigonal datar BF 3 120
o
2
Afin. Elektron berkurang Afin. Elektron bertambah sp 3 Tetrahedral CH 4 109,5
o
C = c.t H = − m. c. t dsp 2 Segi 4 datar [Ni(CN) 4 ] 2- 90 o o o
3
sp d
Bipiramidal trigonal
120 ,90
q = m. c.t = C.t 3 2 PCl 5 o
o sp d Oktahedral SF 6 90
C = Kapasitas kalor (J/ C) G = H − TS 2 3 2+ o
o d sp Oktahedral [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 90
c = Kalor jenis (J/g C) H = T

Sel Volta/Galvani Sel Elektrolisis
H = S Energi putus ikatan − S Energi bentuk ikatan Energi kimia  Energi listrik

H = S − S KRAO KRAO

= ( ) ; ln = + KAPAN KNAP

ln = − ; ln = − Na Ba Zn Fe Sn Cu Ag Hg Pt Au
-2,71 -1,57 -0.76 -0,45 -0.137 0,341 0,799 0,851 1,18 1,498

Pergeseran kesetimbangan: = ; k = tetapan laju DIAGRAM PASUG-THV

1. Konsentrasi ditambah mengurangi konsentrasi Δ = −

2. Tekanan naik = volume turun = tambah konsentrasi  Δ = Δ + ln

mengurangi tekanan  geser ke koefisien kecil
3. Suhu naik  sistem menyerap kalor (endoterm), H > 0 Δ = − ln ; =

4. Suhu turun  sistem menghasilkan kalor (eksoterm), H < 0 = −
5. Katalisator: mempercepat terjadinya kesetimbangan, tidak = − ln [ ]

mengubah letak kesetimbangan [ ]
o

= − , log [ ] , (25 C)
[ ]

 > 0: tidak spontan;  = 0: setimbang;  < 0: spontan . . .

< 0: tidak terjadi reaksi redoks; > 0: terjadi reaksi redoks = 96500 = 96500 = . ; =
2
2
Waktu paruh : Konsentrasi: R = 8,314 J/K.mol 1 Pa = 1 N/m = 1 kg/m.s
7
, = . R = 8,314 x 10 erg/K.mol 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
/ = = ; = . (1/2) /

R = 1,987 cal/K.mol = 101325 Pa = 1,01325 bar
Reaksi orde 1: = . R = 0,082054 L.atm/K.mol 1 bar = 10 Pa
5
[ ] K B = 1,38066 x 10 J/K 1 L = 1 dm = 1000 cm
3
-23
3
= − = [ ] Koligatif: -34 3
h = 6,62608 x 10 J.s 1 L = 1/1000 m
-19
-31
[ ] = [ ] ∆ = . m e = 9,10939 x 10 kg 1 eV = 1,602178 x 10 J

Reaksi orde 2: = − ∆ m p = 1,67262171 x 10 kg 1 cal = 4,418 J
-27

[ ] ∆ = . -27

= − = [ ] ∆ = . m n = 1,67492728 x 10 kg 1 inch = 0,0254 m
e = 1,602177 x 10 C 1 A = 1 x 10 m
o
-9
-10
1 1  = MRT
= − + F = 96485,3 C/mol = 96500 C/mol 1 m = 0,1 deci = 0,01 centi
[ ] [ ] Faktor van’t Hoff: c = 299.792.458 m/s = 10 mili = 10 micro
-3
-6
-9
= 1 + ( − 1) 1 H = 27,2113845 eV = 10 nano = 10 -10 o
A
∆ ∆ -27 -12 -15

= (2) ; = (1/2) ; = 1 a.m.u = 1,66053886 x 10 kg = 10 pico = 10 femto

2
-18
1 g = 9,80665 m/s = 10 atto
Pengenceran: =
Pencampuran: = [ ] = . = . Hidrolisis sebagian, pH > 7 = = ;  = derajat disosiasi

[ ] = . = . [ ] [ ]
Arrhenius: [ ] = . [ ] = . [ ]

-
+
+
asam HA ⎯ H + A ; basa MOH ⎯ M + OH - [ ] = . [ . ℎ] Ksp:

Bronsted-Lowry: [ . ] Hidrolisis sebagian, pH < 7 n = 2; = [ ][ ] =

+
asam donor H ; basa akseptor H + [ . ℎ] n = 3; = [ ][2 ] = 4

Lewis: [ ] = . [ . ] [ ] = . [ ] = . [ ] n = 4; = [ ][3 ] = 27
asam akseptor elektron; basa donor elektron
SISTEM PERIODIK UNSUR
IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB VIIIB VIIIB IB IIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
1 H 2 He
3 Li 4 Be alkali Alkali tanah transisi metaloid non-logam 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne
11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar
19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr
37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe
55 Cs 56 Ba 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn
87 Fr 88 Ra 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Uut 114 Fl 115 Uup 116 Lv 117 Uus 118 Uuo
Lantanida 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu

Aktinida 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr

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