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Computer Network 2021

intermixed with public IP addresses, as shown in Figure 4-22, to conserve the number of
addresses used for internal connections.

Connecting a network to the Internet using private addresses requires translating the
private addresses to public addresses. This translation process is called Network Address
Translation (NAT). A router usually is the device that performs NAT.

Figure 4-22 shown a Using Private IP Address Within the WAN

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WfiTHiU4x8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_-qWlvQQtY

4.3 Introduction to Subnetting

Another way to conserve IP addresses, like CIDR, IPv6, and private addresses, is the use
of subnetting. This method of dividing full network address classes into smaller pieces has helped
prevent complete IP address exhaustion. Figure 4-23 shows a Class B network (131.108.0.0)
divided into three subnetworks. It is impossible to cover TCP/IP without mentioning subnetting.
As a system administrator, you must understand subnetting as a means of dividing and
identifying separate networks throughout the LAN.

It is not always necessary to subnet a small network, but for large or extremely large
networks, subnetting is required. Simply stated, subnetting a network means using the subnet
mask to divide the network and break a large network into smaller, more efficient, more
manageable segments, or subnets, as shown in Figure 4-24 and Figure 4-23.

This is like the American telephone system, which breaks the system into area codes, and
then exchange codes, and finally local numbers. These elements of the phone system are
comparable to network numbers, subnets, and individual host addresses, respectively, in an IP
internetwork.

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