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CHAPTER 5   •  Foundations of Planning     181
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                       1B+; and C. Duhigg, “How Compa-  Improve  the  Safety  of  Delivery    36.  K. Garber, “Powering the Infor-   47.  P. Lattiman, “Hilton and Starwood
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                     25.  McDonald’s Annual Report 2007,   zational Behavior Management   Hamm, “It’s Too Darn Hot,” Busi-  wood vs. Hilton,”  Hotels’ Invest-
                       www.mcdonalds.com (April 21,   (April 4, 2000): 11–24; P. Latham   nessWeek, March 31, 2008, 60–63.  ment Outlook, June 2009, 14; R.
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                       February 4, 2008, 56–58.   Set Goals,”  Academy of Man-  on Leadership, smartbrief.com/   news-line; Reuters, “Hilton Hotels
                     27.  See, for instance, J. Pfeffer,  Or-  agement Journal (March 1979):   leadership, October 15, 2013.  Is Subpoenaed in Espionage Case,”
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                       (Spring 1965): 139–46.     (March 1985): 50–66; and G. P.   benchmarked-a-fresh-look-at-   Chain,”  Wall Street Journal, April
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                       Name Is Still MBO,” Supervision,   Application to the Erez Latham    41.  A.  Taylor III, “Hyundai Smokes    49.  K.  Western, “Ethical Spying,”
                       December 1997, 6–8; and  A.  W.   Dispute Regarding Participation in   the Competition,”  Fortune, Janu-  Business Ethics, September–Octo-
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                       Makes Dollar Sense,”  Personnel   Psychology (November 1988):    42.  Brews  and  Hunt,  “Learning  to    50.  Associated British Foods Plc, www
                       Journal (July 1989): 32–37.  753–72. For information on ef-  Plan and Planning to Learn: Re-  .abf.co.uk; Primark, www.primark
                     30.  From the Past to the Present   fectiveness of MBO, see, for ex-  solving the Planning School/  .co.uk; R. Baker, “Primark Boldly
                       box based on P. F. Drucker,  The   ample, F. Dahlsten, A. Styhre, and   Learning School Debate.”  Does Not Go Online,” Market-
                       Practice of Management (New   M.  Williander, “The Unintended    43.  R. J. Newman, “Coming and Go-  ing Week, August 25, 2011, www
                       York: Harper & Row, 1954); J.   Consequences of Management by   ing,”  U.S. News and  World Re-  .marketingweek .co.uk; and; M.
                       F. Castellano and H.  A. Roehm,   Objectives:  The Volume  Growth   port, January 23, 2006, 50–52; T.   Sheridan, C. Moore, and K. Nobbs,
                       “The Problem with Managing by   Target  at  Volvo Cars,”  Leader-  Atlas, “Bangalore’s Big Dreams,”   “Fast Fashion Requires Fast
                       Objectives and Results,”  Qual-  ship & Organization Development   U.S. News and World Report, May     Marketing:  The  Role  of  Category
                       ity Progress, March 2001, 39–46;   Journal (July 2005): 529–41; J. R.   2, 2005, 50–52; and K. H. Ham-  Management in Fast Fashion Posi-
                       J. Loehr and  T. Schwartz, “The   Crow, “Crashing with the Nose   monds, “Smart, Determined, Am-  tioning,” Journal of Fashion Mar-
                       Making of a Corporate  Athlete,”   Up: Building a Cooperative Work   bitious, Cheap: The New Face of   keting and Management, 10 (2006).
                       Harvard Business Review, Janu-  Environment,” Journal for Quality   Global Competition,”  Fast Com-   51.  I. Lapowsky, “Livestrong with-
                       ary 2001, 120–28;  A. J.  Vogl,   and Participation (Spring 2002):   pany, February 2003, 90–97.  out Lance,” http://www.inc.com/
                       “Drucker, of Course,”  Across the   45–50; and E. C. Hollensbe and J.    44.  See, for example, P. Tarraf and R.   magazine/201404/issie-lapowsky/
                       Board,  November–December  P. Guthrie, “Group Pay-for-Perfor-  Molz, “Competitive Intelligence,”   what-livestrong-is-like-without-
                       2000, 1. For information on goals   mance Plans:  The Role of Spon-  SAM  Advanced  Management  lance-armstrong.html, April 1, 2014.
                       and goal setting, see, for example,   taneous Goal Setting,”  Academy   Journal (Autumn 2006): 24–34;    52.  Ibid.
                       E. A. Locke, “Toward a Theory of   of Management Review, October   W. M. Fitzpatrick, “Uncover-   53.  V. O’Connell, “Livestrong Seeks
                       Task Motivation and Incentives,”   2000, 864–72.      ing Trade Secrets: The Legal and   Life after Lance Armstrong,” Wall
                       Organizational Behavior and Hu-   31.  R. Rodgers and J. E. Hunter, “Im-  Ethical Conundrum of Creative   Street Journal, March 6, 2013, B7.
                       man Performance, May 1968,   pact of Management by Objectives   Competitive  Intelligence,”  SAM    54.  Ibid.
                       157–89; E. A. Locke, K. N. Shaw,   on Organizational Productivity,”   Advanced Management  Journal   55. “Chandini  Portteus  Named
                       L. M. Saari, and G. P. Latham,   Journal of  Applied Psychology   (Summer 2003): 4–12; L. Lavelle,   New President and CEO for
                       “Goal Setting and  Task Perfor-  (April 1991): 322–36.  “The Case of the Corporate Spy,”   LIVESTRONG,” LIVESTRONG
                       mance: 1969–1980,”  Psychologi-   32.  G. P. Latham, “The Motivational   BusinessWeek,  November  26,  Staff,  http://blog.livestrong.
                       cal  Bulletin,  July  1981,  12–52;   Benefits of Goal-Setting,”  Acad-  2001, 56–58; C. Britton, “Decon-  org/2015/03/24/chandini-portteus-
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                       Theory of Goal Setting and  Task   November 2004, 126–29.  Competitor’s Advertising Can Tell   for-livestrong/, March 24, 2015.
                       Performance (Upper Saddle River,    33.  For additional information on   You  about  Their  Strategy,”  Com-   56.  K.  Weisul, “How  Neil  Blumen-
                       NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990); P. Ward   goals, see, for instance, P. Druck-  petitive Intelligence, January/Feb-  thal Took the Risk Out of Warby
                       and M. Carnes, “Effects of Post-  er, The Executive in Action (New   ruary 2002, 15–19; and L. Smith,    Parker,”   http://www.inc.com/
                       ing Self-Set Goals on Collegiate   York: HarperCollins Books, 1996),   “Business Intelligence Progress   kimberly-weisul/how-warby-
                       Football Players’ Skill Execu-  207–14; and E. A. Locke and G. P.   in Jeopardy,”  InformationWeek,   parker-took-the-risk-out-of-its-
                       tion During Practice and Games,”   Latham, A Theory of Goal Setting   March 4, 2002, 74.  business.html, May 28, 2015;
                       Journal of  Applied Behavioral   and Task Performance (Upper Sad-   45.  S.  Greenbard,  “New  Heights  in   and M. Chafkin, “Warby Parker
                       Analysis,  Spring  2002,  1–12; D.   dle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990).  Business Intelligence,”  Business   Sees the Future of Retail,” http://
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                       “Evaluating  Your Managed Sys-   35.  Several of these factors were sug-  World, May 2002, 20–21; and C.   retail, February 17, 2015.
                       tem,”  CMA Management, Janu-  gested by R. K. Bresser and R. C.   Britton, “Deconstructing Advertis-   57.  M. Diebel, “A Visionary Approach
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                       “Management by Objectives:  An   Formal Planning: Two Theoretical   vertising Can Tell You about Their   December 1, 2014, 3B.
                       Effective Tool  for Teamwork,”   Explanations,”  Academy of Man-  Strategy,” Competitive Intelligence,    58.  Chafkin, “Warby Parker Sees the
                       International Journal of Human   agement Review, October 1983,   January–February 2002, 15–19.  Future of Retail.”
                       Resource Management (February   588–99; and J. S. Armstrong, “The    46.  C. Hausman, “Business-Ethics    59.  Chafkin, “Warby Parker Sees the
                       2005): 174–84. For information   Value of Formal Planning for Stra-  News Featured in World-Press Re-  Future of Retail”; and Diebel, “A
                       on participation in goal setting,   tegic  Decisions:  Review  of  Em-  ports,” Ethics Newsline, March 14,   Visionary  Approach to Selling
                                                  pirical Research,”  Strategic Man-  2011;  and  L.  Weathersby, “Take   Eyewear.”
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