Page 146 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

72 Imperative

(e) &O !k$& GL$$;~ L , [An examination direction]
(Answer the following questions.)
ts,
(0 %a ts l;&itrts, %~~l;;$a
- 72 k&3fL7Zo
(If you drive, don't drink. If you drink, don't drive.)
ts k~b'-c&&~
(g)
%&%.I
(It says (lit. is written) not to send cash.)
(h) #'i:&i 0 9 3 >-i&
(I was told by my boss not to use taxis often.)

1. Imperatives without sentence particles are rarely used in daily conversa.
tion. In spoken Japanese they are usually used when the speaker is
angry with or threatening the hearer or when the speaker shouts slogans
in demonstrations, as in Exs.(a) - (c).

2. Imperatives with the sentence particle yo are used by male speakers in
very casual situations (e.g., between close friends, between a father and
his child), as in KS(A).

3. Imperatives without sentence particles are frequently used in directions
in written examinations and mottos, as in Exs.(d) - (0.

4. Imperatives without sentence particles are used in indirect speech, as in
KS(B), Exs.(g) and (h). In this case, the corresponding direct quotations
are not necessarily imperative. For example, the direct quotations of
KS(B) and Ex.(h) may be:

(1) +-8 3+- EI i TGZ~,~ 7% L\~
(Please pay by December 3 1 .)
(2) &-a 0 5'3 L-di@;h&L\P< h&L\fi~,
(Would you mind not using a taxi often?)