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222 naranai
2. The subject of the naranai construction is normally the speaker I writer
or whoever the speaker I writer is empathetic with as in (5).
*+3:
(5) ~%n~1202&0&%P5 b-?a L<Thbhblo
(Machiko cannot help feeling envious of Hitomi's beauty.)
If the subject is other than the speaker / writer and the speaker 1 writer is
not empathetic with the referent of the subject, it is necessary to use
expressions such as ydda, rashii, yosu da, etc, as in Ex.@).
Tamaranai and shikata ga nai can be used with any Adj or V of psychologi-
cal or physical feeling to express its unbearableness, whereas naranai is
much more restricted in that it has to indicate psychological feeling when
used with V, as shown in Note 1 above.
The difference between tamaranai and shikata ga nai is that the former
expresses the speaker's feeling of intolerability more strongly than the latter.
(+ tamaranai (DBJG: 44547))
