Page 598 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

td.L ZvVl: ti 3~iLr
~OLEABR E R-T~NT, ~LQ t ~7:~
(I was taken aback when I saw my old girlfriend at Tokyo station.)
*L+W L*
2
Y s ;cd~&~;)~T~4~~~6hlzOG:, LTbllz,
tt6
7
(John was scolded by his teacher when he came in late, but he didn't
show any sense of wrong doing.)
I:ItLr LltL
t
L?:,
~$$~O8,%$%71:dc v d; < &~:oTE~
(I felt relieved because I did better in a Japanese test than I expected.)
.X *
X%L? I*Lkb>
SLEWWCLEWS h&, +Q t ~fi,
(The department chief looked offended when he was opposed by his
subordinate.)
tSd.
%Lb~t,F,7Tb~f:H$sO8,%~T~ L&97?OTEi7 t Lfzo
(The Japanese test which I thought would be difficult turned out to be
easy, and I felt relieved.)
T$~a,fiirf;%~ LGL~T, iri 7 t ~-c~\am&3-T-if.
(On my days off I like to do nothing and to be completely laid back.)

Sound-symbolical word + to sum is used to mean 'to look -' or 'to feel -.'
The sound-symbolical word (i.e., a phono-mime, pheno-mime and psycho-
mime) expresses sensory experience as in Exs.(a) - (c) or psychological
experience as in KS and Exs.(d) - (i). The following is an inexhaustive list
of such sound-symbolical words that take to sum.
2
Cb: T 7 2 -if& (to become limp) -if$>-> -if& (to feel very refreshed)
L 9 lv 2 -if b (to feel despondent) Qlv 2 -if b (to look standoffish)
3 < 7 t -if b (to feel shocked) 3 L 7 2 -if& (to be startled)
e7 2 9-6 (to stay still) 196 u) 2 -if& (to be moved to tears)
F 3 7 2 -if b (to be startled) < 6 7 2 -if& (to feel dizzy)
? < 7 2 -if b (to shiver with cold) T 5 7 2 Tb (to feel refreshed)
Unlike the ones listed above, most of the sound symbolical words are based
on reduplication, that is, they take the form of X-X as in:

3 6 3 6 ((shine) sparklingly) Z 6 Z 6 ((small objects) roll)