Page 61 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

SPECIAL TOPICS IN INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE GRAMMAR

4.2. Sentence adverbids
Sentence adverbids are usually phrases, as seen in (25).
Ht Lh crilri
(25) a. @EIL\L~:E, k #&O? 4~O~P&~P%itr.~k,
(Interestingly, the advanced class did a poorer job.)

b. .j ;t,17c=.t, n 9 4 Q&Q -ma o 72%~1:~
(It was stupid that I forgot to bring my camera.)

4.3. Sententid topics
Unlike the pre-verbal NP-(Prt.) marked by wa, sentential topics modify the
entire sentence which follows.
Bri .I bt,h-+ ^;A - L
3
~
(26) a. 3 l b ~ d LLb>h. ~ ~ %
~
(Speaking of Kyoko, her father practices law.)
d'L b, Lri C +A.
b. ;.nWBl34L-il~b, ~ A _ ~ : ~ ~ L ~ B ~ ~ & E ~
(With regard to this problem, it is no use to discuss it further.)
4.4. Sentence-initial dependent clauses
Sentence-initial dependent clauses are internal sentences which are dependent
on the clauses which follow. Sentence-initial dependent clauses represent such
things as condition, time, reason, purpose, and manner. (27) provides exam-
ples.
(27) a. ~~~$$hfi~%T:%hb*T?2k~~
(Please let me know if Mr. Kobayashi comes in.)
tB
b. $L~~~?L~ZL\TLGCZ~~&%G~Q~~~.TI:,
(There was nothing unusual when I was there.)

c. $~fif%a-il%ic.a(~~j G Q$lf 6 blf 1:b>fi>hb>,
(Because a friend of mine is coming to see me, I cannot leave my
house.)
'lni A'< -iL bti
d. $LCiEI*EB ~T~Tc~~EE~*Z%% S&L7k>3-F0
(I'm studying Japanese in order to study in Japan.)

If a sentence-initial dependent clause and the following clause have a com-