Page 62 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

SPECIAL TOPICS IN INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE GRAMMAR
mon element, the element usually appears only once. In (27d), for example,
the sentence-initial dependent clause and the following clause (in this case, the
main clause) share the same subject watashi 'I.' Thus, watashi appears only
once (in this case, as the topic).
C. Verbal Connective Forms
When two verbals are connected through an "AND-relation" in a sentence,
the first verbal must be in the connective form, as in (28).*
C
I*( S Ih
R+
(28) a. %.d;t$flf;@Ki&Z?, @~5&b,
(I get up at six in the morning and go to bed around ten in the
evening.)
b. z a)$+S.Bd2?fi< T@8Jf0
(This dictionary is cheap and useful.)
IL t! r( LL
c. gffl3 Ld2Z+IQT8%BT%o
(Mr. Yoshida is thirty-two and single.)
The affirmative and negative connective forms of different verbals are given
in (29) and (30), respectively.**
(29) Affirmative connective forms:
a. Verb: Vte (e.g., 2Z 3 T ) ; Vmasu (e.g., E 3 )

*If two verbals are connected through a "BUT-relation," the connective forms are not
used, as in (i).
(i) a. $~1dgk%&3~:.t-h'$$~f~f3~~6733~~~
(I like fish but I don't like vegetables.)
b. ~0@g1%Qb'lf?LYB fh?Pt?73~E$~lEo
(This dictionary is cheap but pretty useful.)
**As seen in (29), there are two kinds of connective forms. In general, the first kin(
(i.e., te-forms) are used when the first verbal is strongly related to or dependent on thl
second verbal. In (i), for example, the first verbal yasukute '(it is) cheap' gives thl
reason why the speaker feels that the apartment is good (the second verbal). In thi
case, the te-form is used. (e Vmasu)
(i) Z07'1f- I- 12 {%< TI*%< 1 b>b>o
(This apartment is cheap and (therefore) good.)