Page 69 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar

SPECIAL TOPICS IN INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE GRAMMAR

Vocabula~y notes:
-3 on the other hand
if 7 .z 1/ 3 1. o 3 2 opto-electronics
1.
ZkL3T uptonow
BE progress
& to look back; to examine
357 7 4 1q-BE optic fiber communication
$EBB thrust
Guideline 2: Identify the skeleton of each clause.

For each clause, identify the skeleton, i.e., the major elements, such as the sub-
ject, the direct object, and the verbal, elements which tell "who did what,"
"what is what," etc. Note that major elements are sometimes shared with
another clause or are not present explicitly (See (1) F. Missing Elements).
In the following examples, the major elements are underlined and missing
elements are supplied in parentheses. (Dotted underlining indicates elements
to be examined in the following step, Guideline 3. These elements include
constructions such as "NP[S]-Prt. + Verbal" (e.g., [S] koto ga wakatta 'it was
understood that [S]'), "Adv[S] + Verbal" (e.g., [S] to ieru 'it can be said that
[S]'), and "NP[S] + Cop." (e.g., [S] yotei da 'it is scheduled that [S]'))

By identifying the skeleton of each clause in a sentence, the idea of the whole
sentence becomes clear. For example, (40) conveys the idea that "a British
astronomy group announced something, but it was a miscalculation and akhe