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17.3 Rate Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 17.4IntegratedRateLaws ..................................911 17.5 Collision Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 17.6 Reaction Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 17.7 Catalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932
Chapter18: RepresentativeMetals,Metalloids,andNonmetals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965
18.1 Periodicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 966 18.2 Occurrence and Preparation of the Representative Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976
18.3 StructureandGeneralPropertiesoftheMetalloids . . .
18.4 StructureandGeneralPropertiesoftheNonmetals . .
18.5 Occurrence,Preparation,andCompoundsofHydrogen
18.6 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
18.7 Occurrence,Preparation,andPropertiesofNitrogen . .
18.8 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Phosphorus
18.9 Occurrence,Preparation,andCompoundsofOxygen .
18.10 Occurrence,Preparation,andPropertiesofSulfur . .
18.11 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Halogens
18.12 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of the Noble Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035
Chapter19: TransitionMetalsandCoordinationChemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1053
19.1 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Transition Metals and Their Compounds 1054 19.2CoordinationChemistryofTransitionMetals ..................... 1067 19.3 Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties of Coordination Compounds . . . . . . . . 1082
Chapter20:NuclearChemistry ................................. 1099
20.1NuclearStructureandStability ............................ 1100 20.2NuclearEquations................................... 1107 20.3RadioactiveDecay .................................. 1110 20.4TransmutationandNuclearEnergy.......................... 1121 20.5UsesofRadioisotopes ................................ 1136 20.6BiologicalEffectsofRadiation............................. 1141
Chapter21:OrganicChemistry ................................. 1161
21.1 Hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1162 21.2AlcoholsandEthers.................................. 1180 21.3 Aldehydes,Ketones,CarboxylicAcids,andEsters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1185 21.4AminesandAmides.................................. 1190
AppendixA:ThePeriodicTable ................................. 1211 AppendixB:EssentialMathematics ............................... 1213 AppendixC:UnitsandConversionFactors............................ 1221 AppendixD:FundamentalPhysicalConstants.......................... 1223 AppendixE:WaterProperties .................................. 1225 AppendixF:CompositionofCommercialAcidsandBases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1231 Appendix G: Standard Thermodynamic Properties for Selected Substances . . . . . . . . . . 1233 AppendixH:IonizationConstantsofWeakAcids......................... 1247 AppendixI:IonizationConstantsofWeakBases......................... 1251 AppendixJ:SolubilityProducts.................................. 1253 AppendixK:FormationConstantsforComplexIons....................... 1257 AppendixL:StandardElectrode(Half-Cell)Potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259 AppendixM:Half-LivesforSeveralRadioactiveIsotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027 ...............1029