Page 658 - Understanding Psychology

Index
abstinence–Asch experiment
SUBJECT INDEX
A
abstinence, 99
accidents, brain study and, 166–67 accommodation, 71
achievement: fear of failure and, 324;
fear of success and, 324–25; as social
motive, 323–26
achievement test, 360–61 acoustic codes, 274
acquisition, in classical condition-
ing, 244
ACT. See American College Testing
Proficiency Examination Program active listening, 497 actor-observer bias, 531, p532 addiction: to alcohol, 477–78; to
drugs, 202; to Internet, q7 adolescence, 92–125; cognitive devel-
opment, 101–03; depression and sui- cide during, 113–14; developmental tasks and, 95; difficulties during, 112–15; divorce and, 540; eating dis- orders during, 114–15; gender roles and differences, 116–22; identifica- tion and, 583–84; identity develop- ment, 104–08; identity categories, 106–07, c107; messiah complex dur- ing, 103; moral development during, 103–04; nature of, q93; parenting styles and, 79–80; personal develop- ment during, 101–08; physical devel- opment during, 95–98; rebellious teen, 110, crt111; role of family, 109–10; role of peers, 110–12; in Samoa, p108; sexual development during, 98–99, crt98; social develop- ment during, 109–15; storm and stress during, p94; theories of, 94–95; troubled girls (reading), 91
adrenal gland, c100, 172; case of D.W., 318; emotions and, p173
adrenaline, 170; emotions and, p173 adrenaline rush, 170, q170 adulthood, 129–36; attitude stability
during, 584; cognitive changes dur- ing, 132–33; female development, 135–36; health problems and, 130–31; male development, 133–35, c134; marriage and divorce during,
Italicized page numbers refer to illustrations. Preceding the page number, abbreviations refer to a chart (c), photograph or other picture (p), graph (g), cartoon (crt), painting (ptg). Quoted material is referenced with the abbreviation (q) before the page number.
132; menopause and, 131–32; physi- cal changes during, 130–32, c131; questions during, q129; sexual behav- ior and, 132; social and personality development, 133–36
affect, disturbances of, 466–67 affirmative action, 600–01
African Americans: Jackie Robinson,
q391, p392; Los Angeles riots, q564; response to oppression, q387; segre- gation of, 391; stereotypes about, 530; in U.S. population, 22
ageism, 138
aggression: aversive stimuli and,
257–58; biological influences on, 565; cognitive factors and, 565; control- ling, 566; defined, 565; environmen- tal factors and, 566; gender and, 119; model of, c565; personality factors and, 565; trait theory on, 399
aging: attitudes toward, 138; brain and, p143; views of, crt138. See also old age
AIDS: adolescents’ fear of, 99; social support and, 428–29
alcohol: effects of, p478. See also alcoholism; as mind-altering sub- stance, 201–02; 12th graders use of, c205
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 435, 478, 491
alcoholism, 477–78, p477; as escapist personality style, 425
algorithm, 299
altered states of consciousness,
182–205; biofeedback, 194–95; drugs and, 197–202; hypnosis, 191–94; meditation, 195; sleep and dreams, 183–90
altruism: defined, 568; diffusion of responsibility and, 568–70
Alzheimer s disease, g179; acetylcholine and, 158; defined, 143; memory and, q273
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), 141, 548
American College Testing Proficiency Examination Program (ACT), g52, 360, 611
American Philosophical Association, 19
American Psychiatric Associ- ation, 451
American Psychological Association (APA): Commission on Violence and Youth, 262; divi- sions of, 27; ethical principles, 40–41; first female president, 19; formation of, c613; research office of, 614; what is?, 28, 614
American Psychological Society (APS), 614
American Sign Language, chim- panzee and, 66, 308
amnesia, 286–87; dissociative, 462 amygdala, 161–62; emotional associa-
tions and, p280
analgesia: hypnotic, 194; as opiate
effect, 201
anal stage, 82
androgynous, 117–18
animals: emotional development
experiments, 75–76; language use, 66, 308; solitary vs. social, p520; treat- ment of, 40–41
anorexia nervosa, 114, p114; reading on, 126–27
Antabuse, 478
antianxiety drugs, 508–09 antidepressants, 508
antipsychotic drugs, 507–08 antisocial disorder, c475
antisocial personality, 475–76 anxiety: adrenal glands and, 172; anti-
depressant drugs for, 508; basic, 386; defined, 422, 456; Dr. Zilstein experi- ment on, 520–22, g521; friendship vs., 520–21; normal, p456; reducing test, c368; separation, 76; stranger, 76. See also anxiety disorders
anxiety disorders, 455–59; general- ized anxiety disorder, 456; obsessive- compulsive disorder, 458–59; panic disorder, 457–58; post-traumatic stress disorder, 459. See also post- traumatic stress disorder; reported in U.S., g481. See also anxiety
APA. See American Psychological Association
applied science, 11
aptitude test, 360–61
archetype, 384, p385
art therapy, 606
Asch experiment, 556–57, g556, p557
644 Index