Page 627 - Geosystems An Introduction to Physical Geography 4th Canadian Edition

(a) Soil profile of Turbic Cryosolic soil from the Northwest Territories.
(b) Turbic Cryosolic landscape in the Northwest Territories in which patches of soil support vegetation growth.
Whitehorse
Victoria
0 500 Kilometres
Iqaluit
Yellowknife
Edmonton Regina
St. John’s
(c) Distribution of the Cryosolic order in Canada.
(d) Turning over the upper organic layer exposes the fibrous organic content and slow decomposition; permafrost is just below this layer that briefly thaws in summer in the Arctic.
Winnipeg
Charlottetown Fredericton
Québec OTTAWA
Toronto
Halifax
▲Figure 18.16 Cryosolic order. [Photos (a) and (b) Courtesy of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/images/on/index .html. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2012; (c) Thematic Soil Maps
of Canada: Cryosolic Order, atlas.agr.gc.ca/agmaf/index_eng.html#context=soil-sol_en.xml, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada ©, 2010. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Public Works and Government Services, 2012; (d) Bobbé Christopherson.]
wet. Solonetzic soils, existing in limited areas of cen- tral and north-central Alberta (Figure 18.23, page 598), account for only 1% of Canada’s surface area and are rated as having variable fertility. Solonetzic soils differ from saline soils in that the bedrock under Solonetzic
soils is saline or alkaline and is quite close to the sur- face. Because of imperfect drainage, salts are distributed throughout Solonetzic soils and can occur over wide areas. These soils were originally called blowout soils and have a hardened layer close to the surface called a
Cryosolic Order Map of Canada
Static Cryosol Turbic Cryosol Organic Cryosol
Chapter 18 The Geography of Soils 591