Page 28 - Digital Book Bilingual Perpindahan Kalor

Conduction

Conduction is the process of
heat transfer through a

substance without the movement
of its particles. Heat transfer by
conduction occurs in solid

materials.

For example, when one end of an iron rod is heated, the other end will

also become hot. This happens because heat is transferred from the
heated end to the cooler end. In this process, no part of the iron moves

from one place to another. When one end of the iron is heated, the
atoms and electrons in that part move and vibrate more rapidly, then
transfer energy to the surrounding particles. As a result, heat flows

from the hotter region to the cooler region without any movement of
the iron particles themselves.

The measure of a material’s ability to conduct heat is known as thermal

conductivity. The rate of heat conduction in a material is described by
the following equation.

H = the amount of heat transferred per unit time
s = the rate of heat flow (J s⁻¹)
k = thermal conductivity of the material (m⁻¹ s⁻¹ K⁻¹)
A = cross-sectional area of the rod (m²)
ℓ = length of the rod (m)
ΔT = temperature difference between the two ends of
the rod (K)
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