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• Pilon Fracture: A comminuted fracture of the distal tibia involving the ankle joint, often
requiring surgical intervention.
• Maisonneuve Fracture: A spiral fracture of the proximal fibula associated with an injury
to the syndesmosis and medial malleolus.
• Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation: A fracture or dislocation at the midfoot affecting the
tarsometatarsal joint complex, requiring early diagnosis and stabilization.
• Calcaneal Fracture: A fracture of the heel bone, often resulting from high-energy axial
loading (e.g., falling from a height).
• Buckle (Torus) Fracture: A type of incomplete fracture where the bone compresses and
bulges outward, often seen in pediatric patients.
• Salter-Harris Fractures: A classification of fractures involving the growth plate
(physis) in children, categorized into five types based on the level of involvement and
prognosis.
• Nightstick Fracture: An isolated fracture of the ulna, typically caused by a direct blow
while trying to shield against an impact.
• Colles' Fracture: A fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement, commonly
resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand.
• Smith's Fracture: A fracture of the distal radius with volar displacement, also known as
a reverse Colles' fracture.
• Jones Fracture: A fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal, often caused by inversion
injuries of the foot.

Importance of Fracture Classification

• Helps determine the appropriate treatment method (e.g., conservative management,
surgical fixation, or traction).
• Guides prognosis by predicting healing time and potential complications.
• Assists in communication among healthcare providers to ensure standardized treatment
approaches.
• Aids in documentation for medical records, insurance claims, and legal considerations.

By thoroughly understanding fracture classifications, orthopaedic technologists can enhance their
ability to assist in diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care, ultimately improving clinical
outcomes and patient safety.

1. Classification Based on Bone Disruption

• Complete Fracture: The bone is broken into two or more separate pieces.
• Incomplete Fracture: The bone is partially broken but still maintains structural integrity.

2. Classification Based on Skin Integrity

• Closed (Simple) Fracture: The bone is broken, but the skin remains intact.
• Open (Compound) Fracture: The bone breaks through the skin, increasing the risk of
infection.