Page 45 - C:\Users\cbaro\OneDrive\Documents\Flip PDF Professional\Study Guide for the Orthopaedic Technology Certification Exams\

Factors Influencing Bone Healing

• Biological Factors: Age, genetics, and systemic conditions (e.g., diabetes, osteoporosis).
• Mechanical Factors: Stability of the fracture fixation, load distribution, and mobility.
• Environmental Factors: Nutrition, smoking, and medication use (e.g., NSAIDs,
corticosteroids can impair healing).

Principles of Fracture Immobilization

Fracture immobilization is essential for pain control, alignment, and proper healing.
Immobilization techniques aim to stabilize the fracture site, reduce pain, prevent further damage,
and facilitate bone healing by minimizing movement at the injury site. The selection of an
immobilization method depends on multiple factors, including the fracture type, location,
stability, patient activity level, and overall treatment goals.

Goals of Fracture Immobilization

• Maintain bone alignment and prevent displacement.
• Reduce pain by minimizing movement at the fracture site.
• Protect soft tissues, nerves, and blood vessels from additional injury.
• Facilitate the healing process by providing adequate support.
• Prevent complications such as malunion, nonunion, or contractures.

Methods of Immobilization

Immobilization methods can be broadly categorized into non-surgical (external) and surgical
(internal) techniques, each with its own indications and advantages.

1. Casting

• Purpose: Used for stable fractures that do not require surgical intervention.
• Materials: Plaster of Paris or fiberglass.
• Application:
o The limb is positioned appropriately for optimal healing.
o Padding is applied to protect bony prominences and soft tissues.
o The cast material is wrapped and molded to maintain fracture alignment.
• Advantages:
o Provides rigid immobilization.
o Cost-effective and non-invasive.
• Complications to Monitor:
o Compartment Syndrome – Increased pressure leading to vascular compromise.
o Skin Breakdown – Caused by excessive pressure or poor padding.
o Joint Stiffness – Due to prolonged immobilization.