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1. Casting Materials

Casting materials serve as the primary means of immobilizing fractures and protecting injured
soft tissues. The choice between plaster and fiberglass depends on factors such as strength,
drying time, patient comfort, and clinical requirements.

• Plaster of Paris (POP)
o Composed of gypsum, activated by water, forming a hard, protective shell upon
drying.
o Advantages:
▪ Highly moldable and conforms well to anatomical structures.
▪ Provides strong, rigid support for fracture stabilization.
▪ Cost-effective and widely available.
o Disadvantages:
▪ Heavier compared to fiberglass.
▪ Takes longer to dry (24-72 hours for full strength).
▪ Susceptible to water damage and requires careful handling.
• Fiberglass Casting Material
o Made from woven fiberglass impregnated with resin that activates upon exposure
to water.
o Advantages:
▪ Lighter and more durable than plaster.
▪ Water-resistant, making it ideal for active patients.
▪ Dries quickly (sets within 20-30 minutes).
▪ Available in various colors and finishes for aesthetic preference.
o Disadvantages:
▪ More expensive than plaster.
▪ Less moldable, requiring precise application techniques.
▪ Can cause skin irritation if applied without gloves.
• Hybrid Casting Materials
o A combination of fiberglass and plaster to balance strength, moldability, and
durability.
o Commonly used for customized orthotic supports and cases requiring partial
rigidity with flexibility.

2. Splinting Materials

Splinting is often used in the acute phase of injury, allowing room for swelling while providing
stabilization. Splints can be prefabricated or custom-molded to fit the patient’s needs.

• Fiberglass Splints
o Pre-formed or roll-based material reinforced with padding.
o Rigid yet lightweight, offering moderate support.
o Used in cases where full immobilization is not required.
• Plaster Splints
o Easily moldable, providing excellent conformability around injured areas.