Page 86 - BANC-131 (E)

IGNOUPROJECT.COM 9958947060

groups of men. However, certain points must be taken into account while taking
measurements. They are:
Shrichakradhar.com
• The measurement must be clearly defined.
• The instruments for taking measurements must be of international standard.
• Right kind of instrument should be used for taking the specific measurements.
• The procedure for taking measurements, which includes the position of the
subject and orientation of the bone, must be proper.

Q3. Discuss the different methods of data collecting in archeological
anthropological.
Ans. Archaeology is the study of cultures that lived in the past. It is a subfield of
anthropology, the study of human cultures. The other subfields are cultural
9958947060
anthropology that studies living cultures, physical anthropology that studies human
biology and where humans fit among the living and extinct species of our family tree,
and linguistics that studies human language. Archaeology is primarily concerned with
reconstructing extinct cultures from the material remains of past human behavior, or
the things people made or used and left behind. These remains are called artifacts. Much
of what we see around us – computers, clothing, food, books, and buildings are artifacts.
Even natural objects, like a stick of wood or a piece of bone, are artifacts if humans have
used them for some purpose.
Taxonomy is the basic method in archaeology. It involves description andclassification
of findings. Generally, an archaeologist deals with componentsof culture formed into
units known as types. Types are arbitrarily ‘designed’by the classifier for the
convenience of studying the materials of the past.Types are the items which are similar
to each other in form and function.Some examples of types are handaxe, cleaver,
scraper, and knife. Each typehas common characters.
Classification of types done on the basis of occurrencein terms of time andspace. The
types are related to certain behavioural traits of the prehistoricmen. Types are
considered as norms related to behaviour that is regulated bysociety. Artifacts and their
types are considered against the background ofthe occurrence in terms of time and
space, also mentioned as temporal andspatial units respectively. The research methods
of archaeology include threeprocedures:
Site Survey: Survey is an extensive research method in which the archaeologist
observesand records ancient remains exposed on the ground surface. Usually teamsof
researchers systematically sweep the countryside to find each place ofhistoric and
prehistoric occupation; each find spot is called a site. The researchgoal of site survey is
to discover and systematically record all the evidencesof human landscape modification
within a locality, region or culture area.Archaeologists also use non-invasive techniques
to survey sites known as remote sensing. There are many methods including aerial
photography which is simply taking pictures from an airplane, hot air balloon or even a
remote-controlled drone; ground penetrating radar which is used to locate artifacts

Page
82