Most common cause
Myocardial infarction/ischaemia
Drugs (e.g. β-blocker, digoxin)
Idiopathic fibrosis
Inflammation
Acute (e.g. aortic root abscess in infective endocarditis)
Chronic (e.g. sarcoidosis; Chagas disease,)
Trauma (e.g. cardiac surgery)
Congenital