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Effects of high stocking density on growth, profile of cortisol, fatty acids, and amino acids in Grass
Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), cultured in In-pond raceway system

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1 Razia Liaqat , Wajeeha Komal, Qandeel Minahal, Shafaq Fatima
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1 Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

* Corresponding author: razia.liaqat@lcwu.edu.pk

Abstract:

High stocking density causes a negative effect on fish growth and immune system; however, intensive
culture is still needed. Different species respond differently to high stocking density in modern intensive
production systems. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the effects of stocking density
on growth performance and muscle quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), cultured in In-Pond
Raceway (IPRS) system for a period of 171 days. This study was compared with fish reared in traditional
earthen ponds to understand the benefits of this intensive culture technology as well. Fingerlings (initial
weight=70.00±2.45 g) were stocked in June in two IPRS raceways. The average initial biomass in both
raceways was 2.66 kg/m . Total harvested biomass in raceway-1 and 2 was 27.35 and 27.92 kg/m ,
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respectively. The average feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the whole IPRS production system was 1.93.
The overall survival rate in both raceways was 99.26% while no sign of any disease was noted at any stage.
Crude protein and fats contents, the profile of essential and non-essential amino acids, and high levels of n-
3 and n-6 fatty acids were found to be up to standard nutritional requirements of adult humans.

Keywords: Stocking density, IPRS, Amino acid profile, Grass carp