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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Review
These are the important points covered in this lesson:
1. A paragraph has three parts: a topic sentence, several supporting
sentences, and a concluding sentence.
• The topic sentence is the most important sentence in a
paragraph. It is usually the first sentence.

• A good topic sentence has both a topic and a controlling idea.
The controlling idea gives the reader a hint about what the
paragraph will say about the topic.
2. Supporting sentences explain the controlling idea in detail.
3. The concluding sentence repeats the main idea in different words or
summarizes the main supporting points. It usually begins with a
conclusion signal.
4. Apostrophes are used in three ways:

• To form contractions
• To form possessives
• To make letters of the alphabet plural
5. A detailed outline is helpful for organizing ideas.

Writing Assignment

Choose one of the topic sentences from Practice 2 on page 40 and write a
paragraph. Follow the steps in the writing process. You may use the topic
you have worked on in the Try It Out! exercise on page 43, or you may use a
different topic sentence.
Step 1 Prewrite to get ideas.

Step 2 Organize the ideas by making an outline.
Step 3 Write the rough draft. Write ROUGH DRAFT at the top of your paper.
Focus on paragraph structure.
• Begin your paragraph with a clear topic sentence.
• Write several supporting sentences. Include some specific
examples.
• End with a good concluding sentence.
Step 4 Polish the rough draft.
• Exchange papers with a classmate and ask him or her to check
your rough draft using Peer-Editing Worksheet 3 on page 202.
Then discuss the completed worksheet and decide what

changes you should make. Write a second draft.
• Use Self-Editing Worksheet 3 on page 203 to check your second
draft for grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.

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