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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Clauses First, let's learn about clauses. A clause is a group of word that contains at

least one subject and one verb.

Clauses Anna left the party early.
. . . because she was tired

There are two kinds of clauses in English: independent and dependent. An
independent clause can be a sentence by itself. Independent clause is another
name for simple sentence.

Independent Anna left the party early.
clauses Hold the eat's mouth closed.

A dependent clause, in contrast, cannot be a sentence by itself because its
meaning is not complete. A dependent clause "depends" on something else to
complete its meaning.

Dependent … because she was tired
Clauses … while you count to ten

Complex A complex sentence is a combination of one independent clause and one (or
Sentences more) dependent clause(s).

-------- Indep. Clause -------- -------- Dep. Clause --------
Anna left the party early because she was tired.

---------- Indep Clauses ---------- -------- Dep. Clause --------
Hold the eat's mouth closed while you count to ten.

Usually, the clauses can be in any order. However, the punctuation is different.

Comma Rule
In a complex sentence, when the dependent clause comes first, separate the
clauses with a comma. When the independent clause comes first, do not
separate them.
Because she was tired, Anna left the party early.
Anna left the party early because she was tired.

A dependent clause always begins with a subordinating word, or subordinator.

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