Page 32 - C:\Users\khalida\Documents\Flip PDF Corporate Edition\EAP Full Pages Universitas Pancasila\

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

There are two main types of cell division. Most cells are produced by a process called mitosis. In
mitosis, sa cell divides and forms two identical daughter cells, each with an identical number of
chromosomes. Most one-celled creatures reproduce by this method, as do most of the cells in multi-
celled plants and animals. Sex cells, however, are formed in a special type of cell division called
meiosis. This process reduces the number of chromosomes in a sex cell to half the number found in
other kinds of cells. Then, when sex cells unite, they produce a single cell with the original number of
chromosomes.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
_S_ (A) the method by which one-celled organisms reproduce
_C_ (B) A comparison between mitosis and meiosis
_X_ (C) Meiosis, the process by which identical cells are produced

The last gold rush belongs as much to Canadian history as it does to American. The discovery
of gold among the Klondike River, which flows from Canada’s Yukon Territory into Alaska, drew some
30,000 fortune hunters to the north. The Yukon became a territory, and its capital of the time,
Dawson, would not have existed without the gold rush. The gold strike furnished material for a
dozen of Jack London’s novels. It inspired Robert Service to write “The Shooting of Dan McGrew” and
other poems, and it proved the background for the wonderful Charlie Chaplin movie. The Gold Rush.
It also marked the beginnings of modern Alaska.
2. This author’s main purpose in writing is to
____ (A) discuss the significance of mining in Canada and the United States
____ (B) show the influence of the Klondike gold strike on the creative arts
____ (C) point out the impact of the Klondike gold strike

The keystone arch was used by almost every early civilization. to build a keystone arch,
stones are cut so that the opposite sides taper toward each other slightly. The upper and lower
surfaces are carved so that when several stones are placed side by side, the upper and lower
surfaces meet in smooth, continuous curves. Some form of scaffolding is built under the arch and
shaped to accept the curved underside of the stones. Then the stones are fitted in place one by one.
The keystone is the top center stone, the last to be dropped into position. Afterwards, the
scaffolding is removed and the arch is self-supporting.
3. The passage mainly concerns the….
_____ (A) basic principles of building keystone arches
_____ (B) uses of arches in modern architecture
_____ (C) role of scaffolding in building keystone arches

Circumstantial evidence is evidence not drawn from the direct observation of a fact. If, for
example, there is evidence that a piece of rock embedded in a wrapped chocolate bar is the same
type of rock found in the vicinity of the candy factory, and that rock of this type is found in new other
places, then there is circumstantial evidence that the stone found its way into the candy during
manufacture and suggests that the candy-maker was negligent. Despite a popular notion to look
down on the quality of circumstantial evidence, it is of great usefulness if there is enough of it and if
it is properly interpreted. Each circumstance, taken singly, may mean little, but a whole chain of
circumstances can be as conclusive as direct evidence.
4. What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?
_____ (A) to show that a manufacturer’s negligence can be shown by direct evidence only
_____ (B) to define circumstantial evidence and show its usefulness
_____ (C) to demonstrate that circumstantial evidence can be very useful in science

27