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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Exercise 48.2
Focus: Answering reference questions based on longer passages.
Directions: Read the following passages and the questions about them. Decide which of the choices-
(A), (B), (C), or (D)-best answers the question, and mark the answer. The first one is done as an
example.

Question 1-6

In addition to these various types of deep mining, several
types of surface mining may be used when minerals lie relatively
close to the surface of the Earth. One type is open-pit mining.
(line) The first step is to remove the overburden, the layers of rock
(5) and earth lying above the ore, with giant scrapers. The ore is
broken up in a series of blasting operations. Power shovels pick
up the pieces and load them into trucks or, in some cases, ore
trains. These carry it up ramps to ground level. Soft ores are
removed by drilling screws, called augers.
(10) Another type is called "placer" mining. Sometimes heavy metals
such as gold are found in soil deposited by streams and rivers.
The soil is picked up by a power shovel and transferred to a long
trough. Water is run through the soil in the trough. This carries
soil particles away with it. The metal particles are heavier than
(15) the soil and sink to the bottom, where they can be recovered.
The finishing-off process of mining is called mineral
concentration. In this process, the desired substances are
removed from the waste in various ways. One technique is to
bubble air through a liquid in which ore particles are suspended.
(20) Chemicals are added that make the minerals cling to the air
bubbles. The bubbles rise to the surface with the mineral particles
attached, and they can be skimmed off and saved.

1. The word "them" in line 7 refers to
___ (A) power shovels
___ (B) layers of rock and earth
___ (C) giant scrapers
___ (D) pieces of ore
2. To which of the following does the word "These" in line 8 refer?
___ (A) Ramps
___ (B) Trucks or ore trains
___ (C) Augers
___ (D) Blasting operations
3. The phrase "Another type" in line 10 is a reference to another type of
___ (A) deep mining
___ (B) ore
___ (C) metal
___ (D) surface mining
4. The word "This" in line 13 refers to
___ (A) a power shovel
___ (B) gold
___ (C) running water
___ (D) a long trough

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