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ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

14. Furniture design and manufacture were originally the work of individuals, but by the
eighteenth century, many furniture makers had teams of craftsmen to help them carry
out their plans.
___ (A) transport
___ (B) obey
___ (C) implement
15. Samuel Latham Mitchell helped found Rutgers Medical College in New Jersey in 1826,
and he produced several important works in chemistry and geology.
___ (A) books
___ (B) accomplishments
___ (C) factories

Exercise 47.2
Focus: Answering vocabulary-in-context questions about words or phrases in reading
passages.
Directions: Answer the questions about the vocabulary in the passages, and mark the
words or phrases that are closest in meaning to the words or phrases that are asked about.
The first one is done as an example.

Questions 1-11
The Civil War created feverish manufacturing activity to supply
critical material, especially in the North. When the fighting
stopped, the stage was set for dramatic economic growth. Wartime
(line) taxes on production vanished, and the few taxes that remained
(5) leaned heavily on real estate, not on business. The population flow
from farm to city increased, and the labor force it provided was
buttressed by millions of newly arrived immigrants willing to work
for low wages in the mills of the North and on the railroad crews
of the Midwest and West.
(10) Government was nothing if not accommodating. It established
tariff barriers, provided loans and grants to build a
transcontinental railroad, and assumed a studied posture of
nonintervention in private enterprise. The social Darwinism of
British philosopher Herbert Spencer and American economist William
(15) Graham Summer prevailed. The theory was that business, if left to
its own devices, would eliminate the weak and nurture the strong.
But as business expanded, rivalry heated up. In the 1880's,
five railroads operating between New York and Chicago were vying
for traffic, and two more were under construction. As a result of
(20) the battle, the fare between the cities decreased to $1. The
petroleum industry suffered from similar savage competition, and in
the 1870's, many oil industries failed.

1. The word "feverish" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
___ (A) extremely rapid
___ (B) sickly and slow very dangerous
___ (D) understandable

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