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summer of 1665 after an outbreak, Newton went back to his family
                home  in  Lincolnshire  where  he  stayed  for  more  than  a  year.

                During this period of forced isolation described as annus mirabilis
                (a  “remarkable  year”),  he  had  an  outpouring  of  creative  energy
                that  formed  the  foundation  for  his  theories  of  gravity  and  optics
                and,  in  particular,  the  development  of  the  inverse-square  law  of

                gravitation (there was an apple tree beside the house and the idea
                came to him as he compared the fall of an apple to the motion of
                the orbital moon).      [157]


                     A  similar  principle  of  creativity  under  duress  applies  to

                literature and is at the origin of some of the most famous literary
                works  in  the  Western  world.  Scholars  argue  that  the  closure  of
                theatres  in  London  forced  by  the  plague  of  1593  helped
                Shakespeare  turn  to  poetry.  This  is  when  he  published  “Venus

                and  Adonis”,  a  popular  narrative  poem  in  which  the  goddess
                implores a kiss from a boy “to drive infection from the dangerous
                year”.  A  few  years  later,  at  the  beginning  of  the  17th  century,
                theatres in London were more often closed than open because of

                the  bubonic  plague.  An  official  rule  stipulated  that  theatre
                performances  would  have  to  be  cancelled  when  the  deaths
                caused  by  the  plague  exceeded  30  people  per  week.  In  1606,
                Shakespeare  was  very  prolific  precisely  because  theatres  were

                closed  by the epidemic  and  his  troupe  couldn’t  play. In just one
                year he wrote “King Lear”, “Macbeth” and “Antony and Cleopatra”.
                [158]   The  Russian  author  Alexander  Pushkin  had  a  similar
                experience.  In  1830,  following  a  cholera  epidemic  that  had

                reached  Nizhny  Novgorod,  he  found  himself  in  lockdown  in  a
                provincial estate. Suddenly, after years of personal turmoil, he felt
                relieved, free and happy. The three months he spent in quarantine
                were  the  most  creative  and  productive  of  his  life.  He  finished

                Eugene  Onegin  –  his  masterpiece  –  and  wrote  a  series  of
                sketches, one of which was called “A Feast During the Plague”.


                     We  cite  these  historical  examples  of  flourishing  personal
                creativity  in  some  of  our  greatest  artists  during  a  plague  or

                pandemic  not  to  minimize  or  distract  from  the  catastrophic
                financial impact that the COVID-19 crisis is having on the world of
                culture  and  entertainment,  but  instead  to  provide  a  glimmer  of




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