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6 For an overview of Yongle and Xuande porcelain see Harrison- 29 Bruce Rusk, ‘Reignmakers: Ming Imperial Production and Its
Hall 2001, 93–142. For an almost identical Xuande period Imitators’, China Project Workshop, Institute of Fine Arts, New
blue-and-white pot see Pierson 2004, 46, no. 681, and for a York University, November 2011.
Yongzheng Qing copy see Pierson 2004, 111, no. C.649. 30 On the use of ceramics for new ritual use in the early Ming, see
7 Carr 1997. discussion by Shih Ching-fei in Chapter 13 of this book.
8 Carr 1997, 82. 31 Hubei sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo and Zhongxiang shi
9 Chang Foundation 1998, cat. 53, 59 and 230, which illustrates a bowuguan 2007, 35–6.
Xuande mark and period one and discusses Yongle versions. 32 Shandong bowuguan and Shandong sheng kaogu yanjiusuo 2014,
10 An example in the British Museum donated by Dale and Patricia col. pls 92–5.
Keller is Asia 2010,3007.31; see also Goddio, Pierson and Crick 33 Hubei sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo and Zhongxiang shi
2000. bowuguan 2007, 75–80.
11 Guy and Stevenson 1997; for excavations of 15th-century 34 Hubei sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo and Zhongxiang shi
Vietnamese blue-and-white bowls see Bui Minh Tri and Nguyen- bowuguan 2007, 72–3.
Long 2001, 218–20. 35 Hubei sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo and Zhongxiang shi
12 Canepa 2008; Rinaldi 1989; Canepa 2015. bowuguan 2007, 85.
13 van der Pijl-Ketel 2008, 65–76. 36 White jue excavated in 1982: see Shoudu bowuguan 2007, cat. 18.
14 Ströber 2013. Thijs Weststeijn has a different argument about this Blue-and-white jue and mountain stand made in the Yongle period
in Weststeijn 2014. are in the National Palace Museum; another was excavated in 1999
15 Spriggs 1965; Corrigan, van Campen and Dierks 2015, 264–7. and is now in the Jingdezhen Institute of Ceramic Archaeology: see
16 Roxburgh 2005; Hillenbrand 2004. Liang Sui 1999, 132.
17 Titley 1977. 37 Clunas 1987, 83–7.
18 Carswell 2000, 100, fig. 108. 38 Roxburgh 2010; Thackston 2001.
19 Harrison-Hall 2014, 60, figs 6–7. 39 Gugong bowuyuan 2013; Eskenazi Ltd 2013.
20 Ming wares commissioned by the courts are often associated with 40 Pierson 2004, 34.
the emperors’ personal use or taste perhaps to lend them greater 41 Liu Xinyuan 1995; for bird feeders see Chang Foundation 1998,
public appeal. See Krahl 1995. 230–9.
21 Hong Kong Urban Council et al. 1995, cat. 25; Henss 1997. 42 Chang Foundation 1996.
22 For examples in the Metropolitan Museum of Art see no. 43 Ye Yingting and Hua Yunong 2005; Zhejiang sheng wenwu kaogu
2015.500.6.28; Watt and Leidy 2005, 74; and in the British Museum yanjiusuo et al. 2009.
see Clunas and Harrison-Hall 2014, 231, fig. 202. 44 For Xuande period Jingdezhen-made copies of Longquan celadons
23 von Schroeder 2001. see Liang Sui 1999, 249–55.
24 For Xuande bronzes with later marks see Lu Pengliang 2014. 45 McLoughlin 2014, 44.
25 On cloisonné see Quette 2011, and Brinker and Lutz 1989. 46 Toyka 2014, 73–150.
26 Figgess 1962–3. 47 Nanjing shi bowuguan 2006, col. pl. 29, nos 4, 5.
27 For an example in the Palace Museum see Geng Baochang 2002, 48 Shi Jingfei 2003; Gerritsen 2012.
128–9; see also Geng Baochang 1993, 29 for an original Yongle
example and two copies.
28 For excavated examples of Yongle marked white wares see Chang
Foundation 1996, cat. 110; and for Yongle marked copper-reds see
Beijing daxue kaogu wenbo xueyuan 2007, 20, fig. 50.

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