Page 42 - Vol_2_Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaport Trade

8 C. Wu

Fig. 1.1 Sea routes of East Ocean recorded in navigation guide books of ancient China. Red line,
Dongxiyang Kao (General Survey on the East and West Ocean). Green line, Shunfeng Xiangsong
(Sea Routes with Successful Sailing). Black line, Zhinan Zhengfa (Guide for the Right Sea Routes)

During the mid and late Ming Dynasty, the East Ocean sea route between
Yuegang seaport (including harbors as Taiwushan, Wuyu &#, Dadan $#,
Liaoluo #! and Nan’ao !$) and Luzon developed and flourished because of
their “smuggling” trade connection with the Spanish Galleon commercial system.
Since the late of 15th century, Spanish and Portuguese initiated the great geo-
graphical discovery and maritime globalization by crossing Atlantic to America and
Indian Ocean to east Asia. They arrived in eastern Asia in the early and mid 16th
century. Spanish galleons got to Philippines and conquered the aboriginals in 1571,