Page 53 - Vol_2_Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaport Trade

1 Bound for America: A Historical and Archaeological … 19

Fig. 1.12 European type canons investigated at Donggu site of Dongshan county

Ming Dynasty recorded both Portuguese and Spanish together as “Ferangi” or
“Farangi” ("!") and their cannons. The Ferangi canon of European was ille-
gally modeled and used in Yuegang seaport. This European type canons were
investigated and collected at Donggu (&+) site of Dongshan ("!) county
(Fig. 1.12) which had been the military camp of Koxinga merchant group and a part
of Gongkou (&() wharf of Yuegang seaport (DGUAT 2003; Jie and Zhao 2005;
Li and Sun 2005).
Shuyu Zhouzilu (Consulting References of the Foreign Countries, !!!"#
!") of Ming Dynasty recorded:
The cannon tube was made of iron and the ball was made of iron and lead. The French
gunpowder was said to be different from traditional Chinese one. The strongest cannons
could shoot to more than 300 m far away and smash the wood and stone. (Yan 1993,
pp. 321)
The preceding quotation from Mingshizong shilu (The True Account of Shizong
Empire of Ming Dynasty, !!&"#!") recorded the private maritime mer-
chants’ use of !rearm cannon in Zhangzhou region in the 12th year (1533) of
Jiajing (!!) reign of Ming Dynasty:
Zhangzhou merchants illegally built big boats with double masts and arbitrarily equipped
them with !rearm cannons. (Zhang and Zhang 1983, pp. 3488–3489)

1.2.2 The Distribution and Content of Kilns of Exported
Kraak Ceramics in the Lower Reach Watershed
of Jiulongjiang River

Kraak or Swatow ceramics from south China had been the largest amount of the
exported cargoes of both Portuguese, Dutch, British trading to Europe and Spanish
galleon transporting to America. Archaeological investigations discovered that both
Jingdezhen ($"#) kiln in Jiangxi ("!) province and Zhangzhou kiln system