Page 54 - Vol_2_Archaeology of Manila Galleon Seaport Trade

20 C. Wu

next to Yuegang seaport had been the two important origins of Kraak ceramics
exported for Europe and America.
More than 10 sites of Zhangzhou kiln system were investigated and identi!ed as
the main sources of Kraak ceramics of Manila galleon of late Ming and Qing
dynasty (16–19th century), being the important content of maritime cultural her-
itages of Yuegang seaport. These kilns distributes mainly at 2 watershed regions in
the hinterland of Yuegang seaport in upper reach of West Stream (!%), which is a
branch of Jiulongjiang River, forming two groups of kiln as separate historical
ceramic workshops, the Nansheng Stream (!$%) valley in Pinghe county and
Yongfeng Stream ('-%) in Hua’an county. Besides, Huotian (!#) kiln in
Yunxiao (,#) county and Xiuzhuan ($!) kiln in Zhao’an ("!) county were
also investigated.
The kiln sites along Nansheng Stream of Pinghe county had been investigated at
Huazhailou ($+!), Tiankeng (#$) in Nansheng village, Dalong ($%), Erlong
(.%) and Dongkou ()() in Wuzhai (/() village, all of them were dated from
late 16th to early 17th century (Fig. 1.13). Huazhailou kiln site displays both blue
and white porcelain and painted porcelain. The blue and white includes mainly
large plates and bowls with decorative patterns of phoenix, birds, mandarin ducks,
deer, flowers and plants, and Chinese characters handwriting as Fu (!, fortune),
Shan (", good), Di (", best). The painted porcelains include white, brown glaze
and celadon plates, bowls, cups and boxes with polychrome decorative pattern.

Fig. 1.13 Huazhailou Kiln site in Pinghe county