Page 42 - Sothebys Fine Chinese Art London, November 2018

This majestic spinach-green basin ranks among the most a fine line around the rim, but each engraved in the centre with
impressive jade vessels remaining in a private collection, and a long poem by the Qianlong Emperor, see Gugong Bowuyuan
appears to be the largest jade basin recorded. Jade boulders cangqi daxi. Yuqi bian. 10: Qing/Compendium of Collections
of the immense size and intense, even colour as would have in the Palace Museum. Jade, vol. 10: Qing Dynasty, Beijing,
been required to create this piece are extremely rare and were 2011, pls 184 and 185. Otherwise, 18th century or earlier jades
rarely cut down to manufacture vessels, but would rather have generally measure well below 30 cm; vessels of around 40 cm
been left more or less intact and turned, with minimal surface are already exceptional and rare even in the Palace collections;
carving, into scenic miniature mountains. Jade vessels of any but the Palace Museum, Beijing, holds one archaistic vase of
form, of the size of this piece, are therefore otherwise virtually Qianlong mark and period that is 48 cm tall, see ibid., pl. 6.
unknown from this or any earlier period, and the present piece is In the West, basins of this type – but generally much smaller –
further remarkable and exceedingly rare because of its six freely are generally called ‘marriage bowls’, and some related bowls
moveable rings suspended from animal masks.
indeed are carved with a pair of fish in the centre, symbols of
The Qianlong Emperor (r. 1736-1795), who was particularly conjugal unity. In China, such bowls are generally known as
enamoured with jade, secured access to the region, where the ‘washers’ – and the smaller ones may well have been used for
raw material was mined, the Tianshan region around Hetian, washing brushes – or ‘loose-ring basins’, on account of their
or Khotan, in modern Xinjiang province in China’s far West, in freely moveable rings, which represent a particular challenge
1759 through military campaigns. While his predecessor, the to fashion from the hard stone. While such basins typically have
Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1723-1735), had still been faced with a two handles with loose rings, examples with four do exist, but
severe shortage of good nephrite material and had to fall back on six are hardly ever seen.
ordering his craftsmen to rework earlier items, from the latter half One other remarkably large ‘marriage bowl’, but smaller than
of the Qianlong reign onwards, large quantities of fine jade became the present piece, is a green jade example formerly in the W.
available to be fashioned into vessels or items of decoration.
Williams, K.B. Kitson, and S. Bulgari collections, 41.2 cm wide,
Yet only two jade dishes of the Qianlong period larger than with only two bat handles with loose rings and overall carved
the present basin appear to be recorded, a pair of flat-rimmed decoration, sold in our London rooms, 14th February 1956, lot
spinach-green jade chargers (65.3 and 66.6 cm) in the Palace 158 and 21st February 1961, lot 305, and at Christie’s Hong
Museum, Beijing, without handles or any decoration except for Kong, 27th May 2008, lot 1604.

此碧玉洗制式恢宏，實屬私人收藏玉器當中至臻珍品，更屬
現時記載所知最大型之玉洗。觀察本玉洗，可想像原玉必然
尺寸龐大而色澤鮮綠均勻，如此玉材極其鮮見，多隨玉形製
成山子，紋飾甚簡，如本品般製成器皿，無論器皿種類，均
屬極罕。而本玉洗帶六獸耳銜環，則更為珍稀。
眾所周知乾隆愛玉，1759年出兵西域和闐（現今新疆省），
平定該區，廣開玉路。其父雍正帝年間玉料匱乏，故命玉匠
取前人玉器加工雕琢，直至乾隆朝後半期間，佳玉方始源源
不絕，製成玉雕或為器皿、或作陳設。
雖然如此，乾隆年間較本洗更大之玉盤，僅只兩品，一對
碧玉盤（65.3及66.6公分）現存北京故宮博物院，無盤耳或
紋飾，僅沿邊環刻細紋一道，盤心刻長篇幅乾隆帝御制詩，
載於《故宮博物院藏文物珍品大系．清代玉器》，卷10，北
京，2011年，圖版，圖版184 及185。除此之外，十八世紀或
之前玉器多數小於30公分，達40公分者則屬極罕，即如故宮
亦收藏極少，唯可比較北京故宮博物院收藏仿古玉瓶例，乾
隆年器並款，48公分高，出處同上，圖版6。
西方常稱此類器謂「marriage bowls」（意為婚慶之盤）
，唯尺寸遠較本品細小。而部份玉洗中心雕刻雙魚紋飾，意
祝連理之美。而中國則稱此類器曰洗，較小者或用於清洗毛
筆，亦有活環耳洗之稱，以洗耳之活環為名稱，玉材堅硬，
雕刻活環作耳，殊不輕易，足見藝匠造詣。此類洗多帶雙
耳，亦由四耳之例，而六耳之洗，則屬極罕。
再比一大型玉洗例，出自W. Williams, K.B. Kitson及S. Bulgari
收藏，闊41.2公分，尚比本品較小，僅帶兩活環耳，遍施紋
飾，三度易手拍賣場，先後為倫敦蘇富比1956年2月14日及
1961年2月21日，編號305，以及香港佳士得2008年5月27
日，編號1604。

40 SOTHEBY’S