Page 40 - Bonhams Auction Images of Devotion Oct. 2 2018

More recently, scholars have reinterpreted the scene, positing that 近期，學者們對此一場景提出了新的詮釋，認為其描繪了釋迦牟尼或
it depicts either Shakyamuni or Amitabha joined by congregations 阿彌陀佛在天宮被諸佛陀菩薩們相伴隨的景像。Harrison和Luczanits
of buddhas and bodhisattvas in their celestial abodes. Harrison 傾向於這樣的解析，同時也強調了僅憑不完整的犍陀羅藝術和參考文
and Luczanits lean in favor of such an interpretation, while also 獻記錄進行研究的困難。儘管如此，他們指出這類場景是大乘佛教廣
highlighting the difficulties of matching incomplete records of 闊的世界觀中最鮮明的早期藝術表現形式之一:”毫無疑問，[這些] 表
Gandharan art and textual references. Nonetheless, they emphasize 現了兩種不同類型的成佛，即在現世活躍的應身（nirmanakaya）佛
that such emanating scenes are among the clearest early 和我們所處世界之外的天界佛”（同上，頁108）。因此，兩位作者
artistic representations of the expansive worldview of Mahayana 同意多數學者的觀點，認為此類犍陀羅作品是敦煌232窟中描繪阿彌
Buddhism: “There can be no doubt that [these] representations 陀佛在淨土中被五十位菩薩包圍的壁畫的先驅（見Luczanits（編）
are an expression of two different types of buddhahood, that of ，2011年，68頁，圖4）。
a nirmanakaya Buddha active in this world and that of a more
exalted Buddha-manifestation beyond our common world” (ibid., 吉美博物館保存了從現今阿富汗著名的古代遺址哈達所收集的相似
p.108). Thus, the authors concur with many scholars that such 作品（《Afghanistan》，巴黎，2001年，頁131，61號）。白沙瓦
Gandharan panels were forerunners to the famous mural of Amitabha 博物館有至少八塊展示了類似場景的石碑（Ali & Qazi，《Gandharan
surrounded by fifty bodhisattvas in Sukhavati Heaven in Cave 232 at Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum》，曼色拉，2008年，頁166-
Dunhuang (see Luczanits (ed.), 2011, p.68, fig.4). 73）。考慮到此件作品可能只是構成一個複雜雕塑的一小部分，就像
穆罕默德納里石碑一樣，不禁驚嘆古代絲綢之路上的這類佛教古蹟曾
Stucco sections of closely related figures beside a meditating 經是多麼地輝煌壯觀。
Buddha, collected from the prominent ancient site of Hadda in
modern-day Afghanistan, are preserved in the Musée Guimet 著錄
(Afghanistan, Paris, 2001, p.131, no.61). The Peshawar Museum Nancy Tingley，《Buddha》，撒卡拉曼都，2009年，頁10，圖7。
has at least eight stone panels that show similar Emanating Buddha
motifs (Ali & Qazi, Gandharan Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum, 來源
Manserah, 2008, pp.166-73). If we consider that the present large Spink & Son Ltd.，倫敦 ，1990 年
stucco panel likely would have constituted only a small part of a Elizabeth與Willard Clark夫婦收藏，加州
sophisticated ensemble, as in the case of Muhammad Nari Stele,
then we are prompted to imagine how amazing and brilliant the
sculpted walls of these major Buddhist monuments along the ancient
Silk Road would have been.

Published
Nancy Tingley, Buddha, Sacramento, 2009, p.10, fig.7.

Provenance
Spink & Son Ltd., London, 1990
The Elizabeth and Willard Clark Collection, California

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