Page 165 - Korean Buncheong Ceramics, Samsung Museum Collection (great book)

Glossary

baekja The Korean term for porcelain; literally, “white ware.” So-called copper A pigment that turns red or green, depending on the method of
soft-paste porcelain was made during the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392), firing; used throughout Asia for decoration on ceramics. In Korea, where
hard-paste porcelain in the first half of the fifteenth century, in imitation of it was applied as underglaze decoration on both celadon and porcelain, it
the Chinese ceramics from the Jingdezhen kilns. The official porcelain kilns was primarily fired to a red color, an effect that is more difficult to achieve
of Bunwon were established by the Joseon (1392–1910) court in the 1460s. than green. In Japan, green copper glazes were employed, notably on the
Porcelain was the most popular form of ceramics throughout the Joseon type of ceramic known as Oribe ware.
dynasty, from royalty to the common people.
Gohon A Japanese term referring to a type of export ceramic, primarily
buncheong (bunjang hoecheong sagi ) A type of Joseon-period stone- bowls for use in the tea ceremony, that were made in Korea to Japanese
ware produced from the end of the fourteenth century to the mid-sixteenth specifications at the Busan kilns between 1639 and 1718. The decoration of
century. Characterized by a grayish green color — deriving from both the Gohon tea bowls ranges from the application of white slip (inspired by
clay body and the glaze — and especially by the extensive use of white buncheong) to Japanese styles.
slip for decoration. The term was coined by a twentieth-century art histo-
rian. The primary decorative techniques associated with buncheong ware guiyal A Korean term referring to both a wide brush made of coarse bris-
are inlay, stamping, incision, sgraffito, iron-painting, slip-brushing, and tles used on buncheong ware and the decoration effected by that brush.
slip-dipping. In guiyal decoration, the brush is used to apply white slip to the body of a
vessel in dynamic, sweeping strokes. In Japanese, wares of this type are
celadon A type of stoneware characterized by a translucent bluish to known as hakeme.
greenish glaze. The color results from a small amount of iron oxide in the
glaze and from the reduction environment, that is, the relatively lesser hakeme A Japanese term meaning “slip-brushed” and referring to
quantity of oxygen inside the kiln during firing. Celadon originated in buncheong ware (and later Japanese ceramics) on which white slip was
China and became especially popular in Korea during the Goryeo dynasty applied with a coarse brush. This class of decorated buncheong ware
(918–1392). Inlaid celadon is a quintessentially Korean ceramic. was popular among Japanese tea connoisseurs. The brush and the decora-
tive technique are both known in Korean as guiyal.
chanoyu A traditional Japanese tea ceremony, in which a host brews
a powdered green tea and serves it to guests. Chanoyu was codified during incision A design technique often used in Korean ceramics, in which
the sixteenth century. The appreciation of ceramics, including Korean-made a sharp tool is used to cut a decoration into the clay body of a vessel
types such as buncheong, and other objects used within the ceremony is before firing. On buncheong ware, this decorative technique, alone or in
a key element of the ritual. combination with sgraffito, is characteristic of the products of the kilns
in Jeolla Province.
cheongja The Korean term for celadon; literally, “blue-green porcela-
neous ceramic.” inlay A design technique in which a motif is incised or otherwise carved
into the clay body of a ceramic and filled in with slip before firing. Inlaid
cobalt A pigment that turns blue when fired; used throughout Asia for celadon, a distinctly Korean tradition, gave rise to buncheong, a stoneware
decorating ceramics. White porcelain with underglaze decoration in cobalt with greater panache.
blue, first manufactured at the Jingdezhen kilns in China during the fourteenth
century, became immensely popular. In Korea, it was produced at the iron oxide A pigment that turns brown when fired; used throughout Asia
official court kilns of Bunwon by the second half of the fifteenth century. for decoration on ceramics.. In Korea, it was applied as underglaze decora-
tion on celadon, porcelain, and buncheong ware. Iron-painted buncheong
ware was produced almost exclusively at the kilns of Hakbong-ri, Gongju,
north Chungcheong Province.