Page 60 - Contenplating the Divie Buddhist Art Christies Hong Kong

trimmed when it was remounted and 明尼阿波利斯美術館瑪麗和傑克森伯克
given additional framing elements of 珍藏中的一件種字阿彌陀三尊像（圖二）
self-patterned red silk twill now faded to 和另一件展於大都會博物館哈利派克珍
a soft orange. The gilt copper alloy scroll 藏的一件阿彌陀三尊像（圖三），則以
ends and suspension fittings appear to
be retained from the original mounting. 截然不同的概念描繪神祇。兩件阿彌陀
三尊像已褪色和磨損，大都會博物館之
Embroideries dating from the Kamakura 作品兩側邊緣更是嚴重受損。然而，上
period (1195-1333) are rare. Only three
other examples have been located. All 述四件繡品皆採用相同的樣式，背景應
can be compared to this extraordinary 該以全部藍色的絲線繡成，周圍有裱褙
Ichiji Kinrin hanging scroll. However, the 刺繡和花框，側面略窄、頂部與底部略
most closely related to the Ichiji Kinrin 寬。明尼阿波利斯美術館和大都會博物
icon is a small hanging scroll of a seated 館的繡品，如同此作品一般，皆添增圖
Dainichi Nyorai, designated Important 案絲綾重新裝裱。
Cultural Property, in the Hosomi
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Museum. (fig. 1) Both embroideries 每件作品構圖上方的藍色背景，皆以粗絹
retain much of the original brilliance 絲水平相互交織長短針而成。下方地面則
of a wide range of colours. Each textile
is meticulously rendered to indicate 運用未撚的對角或縱向絹絲斜紋，由水平
woven figures, embroidery and ombre 交叉對角捲線繡撚成網格固定，這些網格
dyeing; the elements of jewellery and 線交錯之處皆有單股十字繡。佛像本身則
lotus thrones are depicted with amazing 運用更細膩的絹絲，長短針精細刻畫底稿
attention to detail. The Hosomi Dainichi 的輪廓線。花卉邊框以自然的曼妙花朵
Nyorai retains all of its floral borders, 和蔓延枝葉呈現，如每件作品上半部的背
preserving the original very lush
presentation. 景，皆由水平長短針運針。其繡風應為鎌
倉時代晚期的刺繡（西元 1195 年 -1333
An Amida Triad in the Form of Sacred 年）。碳 14 定年法也證實，此為 13 世紀
Sanskrit Syllables from the Mary 末或 14 世紀初的繡品。
and Jackson Burke Collection in the
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Minneapolis Institute of Art (fig. 2) and fig. 2 Mary Griggs Burke Collection, Gift of the 此一字金輪的形象或許出人意料，但若
another Amida Triad from the Harry Mary and Jackson Burke Foundation, Minneapolis 考慮到鎌倉時代發生的佛教行持鉅變
Institute of Arts
Parkard Collection in the Metropolitan 圖二 明尼亞波利斯美術館藏品
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Museum of Art (fig. 3) offer a starkly ，則不令人訝異。更早的奈良時代（西
different conception for depicting divinity. Both Amida Triads 元 710-794 年）和平安時代（西元 794-1185 年）期間，掌
are quite faded and worn. The Metropolitan Museum’s 權天皇透過認可的佛教僧伽、寺院扶持以鞏固其與貴族的地位
piece is very damaged along both lateral edges. Yet all four ，寺院多位於市中心樞紐，即首都。宗教文化的特點經由精心
embroideries share the same format with a solidly worked 策畫的宗教儀式、複雜的繪畫作品、宏大的儀式和僧綱的官位
(probably all blue) background, a ‘tiled floor’ plane in laid and ，表達形式主義。
couched embroidery and framing floral borders, which are
narrower at the sides and broader at the top and bottom. 鎌倉時代出現政權轉移，從天皇手中轉到將軍手中，首都從京
The embroideries at the Minneapolis Institute of Art and the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, like the present example, have 都遷往較東邊的鎌倉，軍隊、武士階級奪取政治權位。期間興
been remounted with additional borders of self-patterned silk 起六個新的佛教宗派，而所謂的「新佛教」轉向強調平民百姓
twill. 的救贖，而非高僧的苦行。此佛教行持涉及很簡單的宗教信仰
原則：誠實信仰和獻身精神，可由個人身體力行。
The blue background for the upper section of each
composition is characterised by thick floss silk in horizontal 個人的心靈陶養演變成私人虔誠的行持，進而造就佛像化身更
rows of interlocking long-and-short stitches. Similarly, the 貼近世人的視覺呈現，於文中討論的三件作品可見一斑。細見
ground of the lower portion uses untwisted floss silk stitched
in long parallel floats, either diagonally or horizontally, which 美術館的大日如來像和明尼阿波利斯美術館的阿彌陀三尊像，
are held in place by a grid of horizontal and crossed diagonal 尺寸太小不適用於寺院殿內，但置於私人佛壇則完美不過。大
plied silk threads. A single floss silk couched cross-stitch is 都會博物館的阿彌陀三尊像以及此一字金輪繡品，雖然幾乎是
placed at each concurrence of these grid threads. Much finer 上述繡品的兩倍大，但其大小仍屬適用於家中的尺寸。這四件
floss silk threads are used for figures, on which long-and-short 作品相似之處，表示當時有一間專業刺繡坊，足能滿足各種客
stitches are precisely placed often to emphasise outlines and 戶的信仰需求。大日如來像反映出較古老的佛教密宗傳統，而
contour lines of the under painting. The floral borders feature
a mixture of naturalistic, if somewhat fantastic, flowers and 阿彌陀三尊像則反映 1175 年興起較新的淨土宗。這些刺繡佛
scrolling foliage against a ground that, like the upper sections 像當年可能由私人委託繡製，並無公開展示，因此暴露於外的
of each composition, is worked in horizontal rows of long- 時間較少，且經謹慎尊重的存放，也造就此一字金輪佛像繡品
and-short-stitches. The related embroideries are dated late 極佳的保存狀態。

56 Contemplating The Divine – Fine Buddhist Art 正觀自在 — 佛教藝術精品