Page 52 - Sotheby's NYC September 20 2022 Forging An Empire Bronzes

Wu Zhenfeng suggested that the owner of this gui, San Bo, was the leader of the San state (see Jinwen
renming huibian [Compilation of the names from bronze inscriptions], Beijing, 2006, p. 310). San was a
well-known state during the Western Zhou dynasty. The San clan descended from San Yisheng 散宜生,
who was one of the most prestigious officials in the early Western Zhou dynasty and was regarded as one
of the ‘Four Friends’ of King Wen of Zhou (proposed reign dates c. 1056-c. 1047 BC). He and a few other
loyal officials saved King Wen, who was imprisoned at Youli by Di Xin, the last king of the Shang dynasty.
After the death of King Wen, San Yisheng continued to serve during the reigns of King Wu and King
Cheng (see Chen Yingfei, ‘Qinghuajian ‘Liangchen’ San Yisheng yu xizhou jinwen zhong de sanshi [San
Yisheng recorded in ‘Liangchen’ from the Qinghua Bamboo Strips and the members from the San clan in
the Western Zhou inscriptions]’, Chutu wenxian [Excavated Documents], Shanghai, 2016, pp 74-76).

會藝術博物館（館藏編號1988.20.3a, b），展於《Spirit 一。周文王曾一度被商紂王帝辛困於羑里，後即是被
Fig. 3 ‘Gui’ Covered Ritual Food Vessel with Dragon- Fig. 4 Grain serving vessel (gui), early 9th century B.C. © Metropolitan
and Ritual: The Morse Collection of Ancient Chinese Art》 散宜生及其他幾位文王重臣所救。周文王離世後，散
Head Ring-Handles and Three Tiger-Mask Feet, 9th Museum of Art, New York
，大都會藝術博物館，紐約，1982年，編號18。 宜生繼續扶持周武王和周成王，共仕三位君主（參考 century BCE © Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. 圖四 公元前九世紀初 散伯簋 © 大都會藝術博物館，紐約
陳穎飛，〈清華簡《良臣》散宜生與西周金文中的散 Sackler Museum, Alpheus Hyatt Purchasing Fund
吳鎮烽認為散伯簋器主散伯應為散國族首領（見《金 氏〉，《出土文獻》，上海，2016年，頁74-76）。 圖三 公元前9世紀 散伯簋 © 哈佛艺术博物馆/亞
文人名匯編》，北京，2006年，頁310）。散國為西 瑟•M•賽克勒博物馆，Alpheus Hyatt基金
周時期著名封國，其族氏應為西周早期最著名的周室 散伯簋的銘文為散國與夨國這兩個鄰邦在西周中期的
大臣之一散宜生的後人。散宜生為周文王「四友」之 邦交提供了珍貴線索。此銘文證實兩國當時結姻親之

The inscription on the San Bo Gui provides valuable documentation to the matrimonial ties between
the states of San and Ze during the middle Western Zhou period. Ze Ji, the bride, for whom this vessel
was made, had the family name of Ji 姬, which suggests her royal lineage to the Zhou court. However,
depending on the relationship of San Bo to Ze Ji (father or husband) either the San state or the Ze state
could have the family name of Ji. There has been much debate among scholars on which state was
related to the Zhou royal family. Chen Yingfei argues that the ruler of the Ze state had been referred to in
related bronze inscriptions as the ‘Ze King’ throughout the Western Zhou dynasty. The ‘kings’ during this
period, other than the Zhou king, who was the rightful Son of Heaven, were leaders of nearby tribes. They
were not considered vassal states of the Zhou, and as such, it is unlikely that Ze had the family name of
Ji (op. cit., p. 81). Chen’s conclusion implies that San Bo, an aristocrat related to the Zhou royal family,
made this vessel as a dowry for his daughter Ze Ji, who married into the Ze state.

好。夨姬為來自於姬姓國的女子，姬姓為周王室之
侯國在金文中尚無稱王之例，因而夨只能為周土鄰近
姓。然而取決於散伯與夨姬的關係（父女或夫妻），
的異姓之國，而非周室封建之諸侯，故此則夨國應並
Fig. 2 The San Bo Gui, formerly in the Li Yingshuan Collection, now in Shanghai Museum, 散國或夨國皆有可能為姬姓。長久以來學界對此問題 非姬姓（前述出處，頁81）。以陳氏觀點推論，散伯
Shanghai, illustrated in Y.P. Lee, Important Inscribed Ancient Chinese Bronze Vessels 有過很多爭論。陳穎飛參考相關青銅器的銘文，論述
from the Li Yingshuan Collection in the Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, 1996, pl. 32 當為周王朝姬姓貴族，製此簋為其嫁入夨國的女兒作
西周早至晚期，夨國國君始終稱王，而西周分封的諸
圖二 散伯簋 李蔭軒舊藏 現藏上海博物館，錄於李爾白，《李蔭軒所藏中國青銅器》，上 以嫁妝。
海，1996年，圖版32

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