Page 55 - Sotheby's NYC September 20 2022 Forging An Empire Bronzes

Based on archaeological evidence, Lu Liancheng and Yin Shengping suggested that the Ze state
should have been located along the Qian River 汧水, more specifically in today’s Long county 隴縣,
Qianyang county 千陽縣, and Jia village 賈村 north of Baoji. The authors further concluded that San, as a
neighboring state of Ze, should have resided in the regions of today’s Baoji and Fengxiang county (fig. 5);
see Lu Liancheng and Yin Shengping, ‘Gu Zeguo yizhi and mudi diaocha ji / Reconnaissance of the Sites
and Tombs of the State of Ze’, Wenwu, no. 2, Beijing, 1982, p. 57.

盧連成與尹盛平根據考古遺址推測，夨國應位於汧水 連成與尹盛平，〈古夨國遺址、墓地調查記〉，《文
之側，所在範圍約為今隴縣、千陽縣以及寶雞以北的 物》，期2，北京，1982年，頁57。
賈村一帶。兩位學者由此另作推斷，散國作為夨國之
散國與夨國的和睦關係到了西周晚期出現了裂痕。西
鄰近邦國，應位於今寶雞鳳翔一帶（圖五）；詳見盧
周散氏器中最為著名的國寶重器散氏盤（圖六）記載

Fig. 6 The San Shi Pan, late Western Zhou dynasty © National Palace Museum, Taipei
圖六 西周末 散氏盤 © 國立故宮博物院 臺北

The relationship between the states of San and Ze was harmonious until the late Western Zhou dynasty.
According to the inscription of the famous San Shi Pan (fig. 6), Ze attacked San during the period of King
Li of Zhou (c. 877-841 BC). This friction ended with Ze ceding land to San in exchange for peace. The
two states held a ceremony for the land transfer, witnessed by multiple officials from both sides in the
enforcement of this agreement. The histories of San and Ze have long fascinated scholars and collectors,
and there is ongoing research and debate on this topic. However, very limited information about the two
states is recorded in the Chinese classical literatures. Bronze inscriptions, therefore, become the primary
source of evidence. The San Bo Gui, as part of a small group of surviving ‘San’ vessels, undeniably plays a
critical part in telling the stories of these two ancient states.

了厲王時期夨國攻打散國後割地議和之事，兩國詳細 極少記載兩國的史料，青銅器銘文也因而成為研究兩
規定了轉讓土地的範圍，並各自出使了多名官員出席 國歷史的主要資料根據。存世散氏器為數不多，散伯
交地儀式。散、夨兩國的關係與歷史長久以來一直是 簋作為其中一員，對於揭示這兩個古國的歷史有著無
學者與藏家爭相研究討論的課題，但流傳的古文獻中 可否認的重大意義。

Fig. 5 A map showing the location of the states of San and Ze, original version of the map
illustrated in Lu Liancheng and Yin Shengping, ‘Gu Zeguo yizhi and mudi diaocha ji /
Reconnaissance of the Sites and Tombs of the State of Ze’, Wenwu, no. 2, Beijing, 1982, p. 48.
圖五 散、夨國方位示意圖 地圖原版錄於盧連成及尹盛平，〈古夨國遺址、墓地調查記〉，《文物》，
期2，北京，1982年，頁48

52 POWER / CONQUEST: THE FORGING OF EMPIRES