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tively. The 9th and 10th Cavalry were newly or- ganizedonJuly28,1866,aswerethe38th,39th,40th, and 41st (Colored) Infantry. The 24th and 25th Black Infantry regiments were not created until 1869 by consolidating the 38th and 41st and the 39th and the 40th, respectively.
53. BurketttoNichols,May30,1866,LettersSent Roll 1.
54. Burkett to DeForrest, August 29, 1866, ibid. 55. Foutts to DeForrest, September 11, 1866, ibid. 56. Foutts to Carleton, December 25, 1866, ibid. 57. Caperton and Fry, Cookbook, pp. 4-5; Darlis
A. Miller, “The Frontier Army in the Far West: 1860-1900,” The American West, edited by William D. Rowley (St. Louis: The Forum Press, 1980), p. 11.
58. Thomas K. Todsen, Letter to the Author, Oc- tober 1, 1984 (hereafter cited as Todsen, Letter to the Author).
59. OdieB.Faulk,DestinyRoad(NewYork:Ox- ford University Press, 1973), p. 152.
60. Eugene O. Porter (ed.), “Letters Home, W. W. Mills Writes to His Family,” Password, Vol. 18 (Fall, 1972), pp. 128-129. However, the 1862 flood had washed away their house in present-day Canutillo where Emmett had lived for a while.
61. Ibid., p. 186. In William Wallace Mills, Forty Years at El Paso, 1858-1898, edited by Rex Strickland (El Paso: Carol Hertzog, 1962), p. 27 (hereafter cited as Mills, Forty Years), Mills claimed to have sold the army 4,000 gallons of vinegar at that price and1,000bushelsofsaltfor17centsperpound.
62. Nancy Miller Hamilton, Ben Dowell: El Paso’s First Mayor (El Paso: Texas Western Press, 1976), pp. 34-39 (hereafter cited as Hamilton, Dowell). After Mills married in 1869, he withdrew from the partnership.
63. Ibid. p. 42. Ben Dowell’s daughter Mary listed Ethan as an attendee at a Washington’s Birthday party on February 22, 1866. According to Joseph Allen Stout, Jr ., Apache Lightning (New York: Ox- ford University Press, 1974), pp. 41-42 (hereafter cited as Stout, Lightning), the Mills brothers were forced to return Hart’s property in 1873 after lengthy suits.
64. William Aloysius Keleher, Turmoil in New Mexico, 1846-1868 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982), p. 270 (hereafter cited as Keleher, Turmoil).
65. Metz,FortBliss,pp.30-33;Stout,Lightning,pp. 36-38. For example, Hugh Stephenson’s family,
which by this time included his daughter Benancia’s husband Albert H. French (late of the California Column), battled the confiscation of the Concordia and Brazito holdings in court. In November 1865 they won.
66. Darlis A. Miller, “Carleton’s California Column: A Chapter in New Mexico’s Mining His- tory,” New Mexico Historical Review, Vol. 53 (Jan., 1978), pp. 12-13, 23; Miller, “N. H. Davis,” pp. 150, 154.
67. Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 34, Part 1, p. 880. Wayne R. Austerman, Sharps Rifles and Spanish Mules: The San Antonio-El Paso Mail, 1851-1881 (College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1985), pp. 190-192 (hereafter cited as Austerman, Sharps Rifles) indicated a wounded man escaped with Ford. Hamilton, Dowell, pp. 34-35, placed the incident on May 13. Robert Norville Mullin, StagecoachPioneersoftheSouthwest(ElPaso:Texas Western Press, 1983), p. 5, asserted that the Con- federates were camped 10 miles above Presidio, and the attack was led by Captain Albert H. Smith on May 14. Perhaps none of these sources are entirely correct.
68. San Antonio Express, May 4, p. 22:3, May 18, 1902, p. 13:1. Giddings hardly sounded like the reluctant participant he made himself out to be later when he presented his claims against the federal government.
69. Myers, Swilling, pp. 243-245.
70. FayetteAlexanderJones,NewMexicoMines and Minerals (Santa Fe: The New Mexico Printing Company, 1904), p. 48.
71. R.S.Allen,“PinosAltos,NewMexico,”New Mexico Historical Review, Vol. 23 (Oct., 1948), pp. 305-306; Burkett to Bowin, October 6, 1866, Letters Sent, Roll 1.
72. Austerman, Sharps Rifles, p. 200. Fred S. Per- rine, “Uncle Sam’s Camel Corps,” New Mexico His- torical Review, Vol. 1 (Oct., 1926), pp. 442-443 (hereafter cited as Perrine, “Camel Corps”), copy- ing the Portland Oregonian, November 20, 1865, claimed that one of Sterling Price’s Infantry Cap- tains used a camel throughout the Civil War to carry his entire company’s baggage weighing over 1,200 pounds.
73. Perrine, “Camel Corps,” p. 443.
74. Austerman, Sharps Rifles, p. 201.
75. Keleher, Turmoil, p. 209; Stout, Lightning,
p. 33.
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