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Appendix 3

Irregular verbs in groups

The past simple and past participle are the same: The past simple and past participle are different:

1 1
cost → cost let → let break → broke broken
cut → cut put → put choose → chose chosen
hit → hit shut → shut speak → spoke spoken

hurt → hurt steal → stole stolen
wake → woke woken

2
lend → lent lose → lost 2
send → sent shoot → shot drive → drove driven
spend → spent get → got ride → rode ridden

build → built light → lit rise → rose risen
sit → sat write → wrote written
burn → burnt
learn → learnt keep → kept beat → beat beaten
smell → smelt sleep → slept bite → bit bitten
hide → hid hidden
feel → felt
leave → left
meet → met 3 eat → ate eaten

dream → dreamt (dremt)* fall → fell fallen
mean → meant (ment)* forget → forgot forgotten
give → gave given

see → saw seen
3
bring → brought (brort)* take → took taken
buy → bought (bort)*
fight → fought (fort)*

think → thought (thort)* 4 blow → blew blown

catch → caught (kort)* grow → grew grown
know
→
teach → taught (tort)* knew known
throw → threw thrown
fly → flew flown
4 draw → drew drawn
sell → sold show → showed shown

tell → → told

find → found 5 →
have → had begin → began begun
hear → heard drink → drank drunk
hold → held swim swam swum
read → read (red)* ring → rang rung

say → said (sed)* sing → sang sung

pay → paid run → ran run
make → made

6
stand → stood come → came come
understand → understood become → became become

* pronunciation