Page 171 - Malcolm Gladwell - Talking to Strangers

Chapter Nine: KSM: What Happens When the Stranger Is a
Terrorist?

“Call me Mukhtar…the 9/11 attacks”: James Mitchell, Enhanced Interrogation: Inside the Minds
and Motives of the Islamic Terrorists Trying to Destroy America (New York: Crown Forum, 2016),
p. 7.

portions of a videotaped deposition: Sheri Fink and James Risen, “Psychologists Open a Window
on Brutal CIA Interrogations,” New York Times, June 21, 2017,
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/20/us/cia-torture.html.

From Wikipedia: “Water intoxication, also known as water poisoning, hyperhydration,
overhydration, or water toxemia[,] is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that results
when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water
intake.”
“The realistic stress of…actual combat”: Charles A. Morgan et al., “Hormone Profiles in Humans
Experiencing Military Survival Training,” Biological Psychiatry 47, no. 10 (2000): 891–901,
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00307-8.
Rey-Osterrieth figures drawn before and after interrogation: Charles A. Morgan III et al., “Stress-
Induced Deficits in Working Memory and Visuo-Constructive Abilities in Special Operations
Soldiers,” Biological Psychiatry 60, no. 7 (2006): 722–29, doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.021. The
Rey-Osterrieth figure was first developed by Andre Rey and published in his article “L’examen
psychologique dans les cas d’encephalopathie traumatique (Les problemes),” Archives de
Psychologie 28 (1941): 215-85.
In another, larger study (in footnote): Charles Morgan et al., “Accuracy of eyewitness memory for
persons encountered during exposure to highly intense stress,” International Journal of Law and
Psychiatry 27 (2004): 264–65.
KSM made his first public confession: Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal
Hearing for ISN 10024, March 10, 2007,
http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2007/images/03/14/transcript_ISN10024.pdf.
“might induce some form…wishes to have access to”: Shane O’Mara, Why Torture Doesn’t
Work: The Neuroscience of Interrogation (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015), p.
167.

KSM was “making things up”: Robert Baer, “Why KSM’s Confession Rings False,” Time, March
15, 2007, http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1599861,00.html.
“He has nothing…problem since he was captured”: Adam Zagorin, “Can KSM’s Confession Be
Believed?” Time, March 15, 2007,
http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1599423,00.html.