Page 103 - Hebrews- Student Textbook

God's people and God's leaders. All believers are called to be subject to one another out of respect for
Christ (cf. Eph. 5:21).

13:20 "Now the God of peace" This title for God the Father is used only here and in Paul's writings (cf.
Rom. 15:33; 16:20; 1 Cor. 14:33; 2 Cor. 13:11; Phil. 4:9; 1 Thess. 5:23; "Lord of Peace" 2 Thess. 3:16).

"who brought up from the dead" The New Testament normally depicts God the Father as raising Jesus
from the dead (cf. Acts 2:24; 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30,33,34,37; 17:31; Rom. 6:4,9; 10:9; 1 Cor.
6:14; 2 Cor. 4:14; Gal. 1:1; Eph. 1:20; Col. 2:12; 1 Thess. 1:10). This shows the Father's acceptance of
Jesus' life, teachings, and sacrifice. However, there are other texts which assert the agency of the
resurrection was the Spirit (cf. Rom. 8:11) or the Son Himself (cf. John 2:19-22; 10:17-18). Theologically
speaking, all three persons of the Trinity are active in all the redemptive acts.

"through the blood" This refers to His life given which inaugurated the new covenant (cf. Zech. 9:11;
Mark 14:24; 1 Cor. 11:25).

13:22 "I urge you" The author calls his book "a word of exhortation." He urges his readers often (cf.
3:13; 10:25; 12:15; 13:15,22). They are brothers (and sisters) in Christ, but they must cling to Him, follow
Him, serve Him!

"bear with this word of exhortation" This is a PRESENT MIDDLE IMPERATIVE, which emphasizes the
involvement of the subject and commands continual listening. The phrase "word of exhortation" is used
in Acts 13:15 for a synagogue sermon. Many believe this is what Hebrews originally was, but was
modified to become a letter.

13:23 "brother Timothy" When Paul uses "brother," the person's name always comes first (cf. Rom.
16:23; 1 Cor. 1:1; 16:12; 2 Cor. 1:1; 2:13; Phil. 2:25). This is key evidence against Paul's authorship. The
mentioning of Timothy reveals a time frame for the book's composition, during Paul's lifetime or soon
after his death (A.D. 68), before Timothy's death.

“has been released" This is a PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE. We know nothing from Scriptures or elsewhere of
Timothy being in prison. In his Word Pictures in the New Testament, p. 451, A. T. Robertson asserts that
Timothy was put in prison when he came to visit Paul, mentioned in 2 Tim. 4:11,21. The word "released"
(PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE) is used in (1) Matt. 27:15; John 19:10; Acts 3:13; 4:21,23; 5:40 for release from
prison and (2) Acts 13:3, metaphorically for a release from a ministry assignment, and it may mean that
here.

"if he comes soon, I will see you" This may imply that the author of Hebrews worked and traveled with
Timothy

"those from Italy greet you" This phrase could mean
1. The author is in Italy
2. The author is from Italy
3. Part of the author's missionary team was from Italy
4. The author is writing to Italy

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