Page 54 - Advanced Biblical Backgrounds Student Textbook

Social and Commercially important aspects of the period:
Eliminating rivals to the throne:

Some see the killing off potential rivals such as Adonijah to be cruel. In this culture it was not considered
cruel. The Old Testament texts go out of their way to show how David and Solomon showed restraint
from what would have been standard practice in that culture.

Why build a temple?

The building of a temple to honor your deity was not considered abnormal. In this regard it made sense
to do so. The grandeur of Solomon’s temple was spoken of widely.

The forgotten reasons for war:

We have already noted the motivations of ruling, religion, and tribalism for war in this period. Other
motivations existed as well. Commerce for instance was an important motivation. There were trade
routes between lands that were established. Owning those routes guaranteed the owners an influx of
wealth and trade. The same was true of owning seaports. This guaranteed shipping as a possible source
of trade and communication. Some battles were fought over these trade locations for that very reason.
As Christians we read the Old Testament and focus on the power, religion and tribalism. Sometimes
conflict erupts over water rights, grazing pastures, and ancient claims to regions. We should read
carefully to discover what reasons, or group of reasons, would motivate a war.

The golden age of Israel:

Commercially, Solomon ruled during the golden age of Israel. The peace won by David’s wars gave
Solomon the opportunity to develop Israel into a wealthy people. The fame of his wisdom and wealth
spread far and wide. In fact, it spread so wide that Assyria and Babylon would later attack to plunder the
wealth.

The Queen of Sheba

In the Bible we are introduced to an unnamed queen from the land of Sheba who travels to Jerusalem to
meet King Solomon (see 1 Kings 10; 2 Chronicles 9). Accompanied by many attendants and camels, the
Queen of Sheba brings a large quantity of spices, gold and precious stones with her. She is drawn to
Jerusalem because of Solomon’s fame, and she tests the king with hard questions. Solomon is able to
answer them all.

Impressed by Solomon’s wisdom—and by the riches of his kingdom—she proclaims, “Your wisdom and
prosperity far surpass the report that I had heard” (1 Kings 10:7). The Queen of Sheba gives King
Solomon 120 talents of gold, precious stones and the largest quantity of spices ever brought to
Jerusalem (1 Kings 10:10). In return King Solomon gives the Queen of Sheba gifts and “every desire that
she expressed” (1 Kings 10:13). After receiving these gifts, the queen returns to the land of Sheba with
her retinue.

The Biblical account ends there, but according to later Jewish and Christian extra-biblical sources, the
story is a bit more complex.

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