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12  THE CREDIT GAME

            and other financial rewards to get you on their team. Payment history
            accounts for about 35% of your credit score.
               One important thing to note here is that you can’t win any games if
            you  don’t  play.  Some  people  assume  they  must  have  perfect  credit
            because  they  have  never  borrowed  money.  If  you  never  spend  more
            money  than  you  need,  that’s  a  really  good  sign  for  your  financial
            responsibility, right?
               But in the eyes of banks and creditors, the opposite is true. If no one
            has ever seen you pick up a ball, they’re not just going to assume that
            you can make breathtaking plays. So you’ve got to borrow money and
            pay it back—you’ve got to play the game—in order to build credit. The
            key is to borrow money, not because you need to, but because you are
            doing it strategically to optimize your credit score.
               We’ll discuss the details of how to do this later.
               2.  Amounts  owed.  If  someone  owes  a  lot  of  money,  that’s  not  a
            great sign for you as a lender. Why do they owe so much money? Why
            haven’t they paid more of it back yet? If I lend them money, are they
            going to be able to pay me back and pay back all these other people?
               Think  of  this  like  a  sports  team  hiring  someone  who  they  know
            already has a full-time commitment to another team. How much time
            and energy is that player really going to be able to give your team? You
            want someone who isn’t overcommitted, and who you know has a lot
            of free time and energy to give your team a stellar performance.
               As a borrower, you want to keep your credit utilization rate below
            30%. That means that of the total amount of money you are allowed to
            charge on your credit card, for example, you’re only using 30% or less.
            In general, lower is better. The more credit you have that you’re not
            using, the more time and energy you have available to devote to any
            other team you apply for, so to speak. Having that availability makes
            you a better candidate.
               This metaphor will break down a little bit in a minute, but for now
            that’s a useful way to think of it.
               Amounts owed—the less, the better—makes up about 30% of your
            credit score.
               3. Credit history length. The more games you’ve played and won,
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