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5 See Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280 (1976); Roberts v. Louisiana, 428 U.S.
325 (1976); Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976); Jurek v. Texas, 428 U.S. 262 (1976);
and Proffitt v. Florida, 428 U.S. 242 (1976).
6 Amnesty International, “Death Penalty Developments in 2005,” April 20,
2006, http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500052006?open&of=ENG-CHN.
7 Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, The Rest of Their Lives: Life Without
Parole for Child Offenders in the United States, October 12,
2005, http://hrw.org/reports/2005/us1005/.
8 Death Penalty Information Center, “Innocence: List of Those Freed From Death
Row,” http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.php?scid=6&did=110.
9 David C. Baldus, Charles Pulaski, and George Woodworth, “Comparative Review of Death
Sentences: An Empirical Study of the Georgia Experience,” Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology 74, no. 3 (1983): 661–753.
10 Baldus, Pulaski, and Woodworth, Equal Justice and the Death Penalty: A Legal and
Empirical Analysis (Northeastern University Press, 1990).
11 John Blume, Theodore Eisenberg, and Martin T. Well, “Explaining Death Row’s
Population and Racial Composition,” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2004):
165–207.
12 RAND Corporation, “RAND Study Finds No Evidence of Racial Bias in Federal
Prosecutors’ Decisions to Seek Death Penalty from 1995 to 2000,” news release, July 17,
2006, http://www.rand.org/news/press.06/07.17.html.
13 Office of the Governor of the State of Illinois, “Governor Ryan Declares Moratorium On
Executions, Will Appoint Commission To Review Capital Punishment System,” news release,
January 31,
2000, http://www.illinois.gov/PressReleases/ShowPressRelease.cfm?SubjectID=3&RecNum
=359.
14 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Prisoners in 2004,” bulletin, October
2005, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p04.pdf.
15 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Federal Criminal Case Processing, 2002: With Trends
1982–2002,” January 2005, 12, Table
6, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/fccp02.htm.
16 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Prisoners in 1996,” bulletin, June
1997, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p96.pdf.
17 John Irwin, Vincent Schiraldi, and Jason Ziedenberg, America’s One Million Nonviolent
Prisoners (Washington, D.C.: Justice Policy Institute, 1999), 4.
18 Drug Sentencing Reform Act of 2006, S 3725, 109th Cong., 2nd sess.
19 Ira Glasser, “Drug Busts = Jim Crow,” Nation, July 10, 2006; Milton Friedman,
“There’s No Justice in the War on Drugs,” New York Times, January 11, 1998.
20 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Reentry Trends in the United
States,” http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/reentry/reentry.htm.
21 Ken Ellingwood, “Three-Time Loser Gets Life in Cookie Theft,” Los Angeles Times,
October 28, 1995.
22 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime in the United States 2005,” September
2006, http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/; U.S. Census Bureau, “Population Estimates by
Race,” http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.php.
23 John Cloud, “What’s Race Got To Do With It?” Time, July 22, 2001.

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