Page 257 - كتاب تمريض نسا الاكتروني

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 Alteration in comfort (pain) related to afterpains, episiotomy, laceration,

hemorrhoids, breast engorgement, surgical incision

Alteration in skin integrity related to episiotomy, or perineal lacerations.

 Altered urinary elimination related to postpartum diuresis and urinary retention

from postdelivery edema of perineal area, or due to effect of anesthesia.

 Altered bowel elimination related to decreased bowel motility and abdominal

muscle tone, dehydration, and painful defecation.

 Fluid volume deficit related to decreased oral intake and/or blood loss.

 Altered nutrition related to inadequate intake of food (increased body needs for

protein for tissue repair and lactation).

 Sleep pattern disturbance related to discomfort, parenting activities and anxiety.

 High risk of infection related to impaired skin integrity and tissue trauma, as

well as lowered body resistance.

 Knowledge deficit regarding self-care, infant care, health maintenance,

prevention of infection and complications related to lack of experience.

 Disturbance in self-concept related to body changes or parenting abilities and

role transition.

 Potential altered parenting related to lack of support from significant others,

interruption in bonding process, lack of knowledge, or unrealistic expectations

for self, infant, or partner.

 Impaired breastfeeding related to improper positioning, inverted nipples, or

absence of infant sucking.

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