Page 223 - ترم ثاني كتاب تمريض صحة الام الكتروني

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• External monitoring doesn't require cervical dilatation or rupture of
membranes.

➢ Technique
Is an in direct monitoring:

• Two ultrasound transducers/each is attached to belt are applied around the
woman's abdomen.

• One of the belts is put against the uterine funds to detect change in uterine
pressure and cover pressure into electronic signal that reordered on graph paper.
• The other belt is put between umbilical and symphysis pubis to record base

line of FHR and if there is any variation
➢ Advantage:

1)Noninvasive
2) Easy to apply.
3) May be used during the antepartum period.

4) may be used with telemetry.
5) doesn't require ruptured membrane or cervical dilatation.
6) No known risks to woman or fetus.

7) Provide continuous recording of FHR and UA.
8) without hazard.
9) Detects movement of fetal cardiac valves.
10) Doesn't transfer infection to mother and fetus.

➢ Disadvantages:
1) May limit maternal movement.

2) The ultrasonic transducer may pick up and trace extraneous sound.
3) it may be difficult to obtain a state tracing if the mother is obese or is moving
and active during labor.

4) Not accurate.
5) Disruption of maternal movement.
➢ Abnormal FHR patterns:

1. Tachycardia (more than 160 beat/min):
a base line of fetal heart rate for at least 10 minutes. That is greater than 160

beat/min for at least 10 minutes.
It's degree: - Mild  161 : 180 beat/minute - Sever  181 beat/minute.

Causes :- Fetal distress.

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