Page 25 - 33Elctronic Book (3) Normal Labor

• It is the relation between the long axis of the fetus and that of the mother. If they

are parallel, the lie is longitudinal but if they cross each other, the lie is oblique
or transverse.

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Presentation:
• It is the first part of the fetus, which meets the pelvic brim, and it is the first part

felt by vaginal examination.
• The presentation may be cephalic (96%), breech (3.5%) or shoulder (0.5%).

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Denominator:

• It is a bony landmark on the presenting part by which the position of the fetus is
known.
• In vertex presentation--------, the occiput is the denominator.

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