Page 5 - IMF-欧洲的金融科技：机遇与挑战（英文）-2020.11-35页.pdf

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The financial system is dominated by banks. Access to financial services is not a major concern.
Financial Inclusion Reasons for not Having a Financial Account, 2017
(Regional average) (Percent of population over 15 years old)
3000 100
Deposit accounts with commercial banks per 1,000 90 30
2500 adults (lhs) 80
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) per 100,000 25
2000 adults (rhs) 70
60
20
1500 50
40
1000 15
30
20
500 10
10
0 0 5
2006 2010 2014 2018 2006 2010 2014 2018 2006 2010 2014 2018 2006 2010 2014 2018 2006 2010 2014 2018
Europe Middle East Asia-Pacific Western Africa 0
and Central Hemisphere Financial services are too Financial institutions are Lack of necessary
expensive too far away documentation
Asia
Sources: IMF Financial Access Survey Database. Sources: Global Findex 2017, World Bank; and IMF Staff calculations.
Mobile money accounts are not widely used… ….and their transactions value is low.

Deposit and Mobile Money Accounts, 2018 Mobile Money Transactions, 2018
(Per 1,000 people, simple averages) (Percent of GDP, simple averages)
2500 30
Deposit accounts with commercial banks
Registered mobile money accounts 25
2000
20
1500
15
1000
10
500 5
0 0
Europe Western Asia and Middle East Africa Europe Western Middle East Asia and Africa
Hemisphere Pacific and Central Hemisphere and Central Pacific
Asia Asia
Sources: IMF Financial Access Survey; and IMF Staff calculations. Sources: IMF Financial Access Survey; and IMF Staff calculations.

3. Overall, fintech activities are less developed in Europe than in other regions
(Figure 2). Europe is among the least developed regions in terms of mobile money
3
penetration and significantly lags Asia-Pacific and North America in fintech lending. None of
the Big-tech companies, which currently dominate the global fintech landscape, originated in
Europe, and Bigtech lending lags far behind the global front-runners– even though Europe
leads in internet coverage. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, new venture capital fintech
4
investments in Europe have been growing rapidly, but the gap with the frontier region of
North America remains very large.

3 As with all studies on fintech, availability of comprehensive and cross-country and region comparable data is a
severe constraint. No comprehensive source for fintech data is available reflecting numerous technical and legal
impediments to compilation. Data is fragmented and must be gathered from multiple providers. In Europe,
localization laws prevent granular dissemination, while official statistical data compilers do not collect or report
comprehensive information on fintech activities.

4 See Financial Stability Board (2019). China’s most successful fintechs are under the umbrella of BigTech
companies (JD, Alibaba, Tencent), in contrast to North America and Europe.