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Results: APe concentrations below 0.9 mg/mL, corresponding to 10 µM of ADG, showed no
cytotoxicity and were used for subsequent studies. At 4 hours, APe did not induce
neutrophil apoptosis but significantly enhanced apoptosis under basal and LPS-stimulated
conditions after 20 hours. APe also reduced ROS production at 4 hours. APe induced
upregulation of the M1 marker CD80 and downregulation of the M2 marker CD206 in
macrophages. Gene expression analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines revealed that APe
significantly increased the expression of IL-1β and IL-8. In contrast, APe did not induce the
expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines or growth factors.
Conclusion: APe may enhance the wound healing process by promoting neutrophil activity; however,
it does not appear to stimulate the anti-inflammatory functions of macrophages. These
results provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic application of APe in wound
healing.
98 Joint Conference in Medical Sciences 2025