Page 154 - Accounting Principles (A Business Perspective)

4. Completing the accounting cycle

(7) To record unbilled training services performed in December.
(8) To accrue one day's salaries that were earned but are unpaid.
After all the adjusting entries are entered in the Adjustments columns, total the two columns. The totals of these

two columns should be equal when all debits and credits are entered properly.
After MicroTrain's adjustments, compute the adjusted balance of each account and enter these in the Adjusted
Trial Balance columns. For example, Supplies on Hand (Account No. 107) had an unadjusted balance of USD 1,400.
Adjusting entry (3) credited the account for USD 500, leaving a debit balance of USD 900. This amount is a debit in
the Adjusted Trial Balance columns.
Next, extend all accounts having balances to the Adjusted Trial Balance columns. Note carefully how the rules of
debit and credit apply in determining whether an adjustment increases or decreases the account balance. For

example, Salaries Expense (Account No. 507) has a USD 3,600 debit balance in the Trial Balance columns. A USD
180 debit adjustment increases this account, which has a USD 3,780 debit balance in the Adjusted Trial Balance
columns.
Some account balances remain the same because no adjustments have affected them. For example, the balance
in Accounts Payable (Account No. 200) does not change and is simply extended to the Adjusted Trial Balance
columns.
Now, total the Adjusted Trial Balance debit and credit columns. The totals must be equal before taking the next
step in completing the work sheet. When the Trial Balance and Adjustments columns both balance but the Adjusted
Trial Balance columns do not, the most probable cause is a math error or an error in extension. The Adjusted Trial

Balance columns make the next step of sorting the amounts to the Income Statement, the Statement of Retained
Earnings, and the Balance Sheet columns much easier.
Begin by extending all of MicroTrain's revenue and expense account balances in the Adjusted Trial Balance
columns to the Income Statement columns. Since revenues carry credit balances, extend them to the credit column.
After extending expenses to the debit column, subtotal each column. MicroTrain's total expenses are USD 6,510 and
total revenues are USD 13,800. Thus, net income for the period is USD 7,290 (USD 13,800—USD 6,510). Enter this
USD 7,290 income in the debit column to make the two column totals balance. You would record a net loss in the

opposite manner; expenses (debits) would have been larger than revenues (credits) so a net loss would be entered
in the credit column to make the columns balance.
Next, complete the Statement of Retained Earnings columns. Enter the USD 7,290 net income amount for
December in the credit Statement of Retained Earnings column. Thus, this net income amount is the balancing
figure for the Income Statement columns and is also in the credit Statement of Retained Earnings column. Net
income appears in the Statement of Retained Earnings credit column because it causes an increase in retained
earnings. Add the USD 7,290 net income to the beginning retained earnings balance of USD 0, and deduct the
dividends of USD 3,000. As a result, the ending balance of the Retained Earnings account is USD 4,290.
Now extend the assets, liabilities, and capital stock accounts in the Adjusted Trial Balance columns to the

Balance Sheet columns. Extend asset amounts as debits and liability and capital stock amounts as credits.
Note that the ending retained earnings amount determined in the Statement of Retained Earnings columns
appears again as a credit in the Balance Sheet columns. The ending retained earnings amount is a debit in the
Statement of Retained Earnings columns to balance the Statement of Retained Earnings columns. The ending
retained earnings is a credit in the Balance Sheet columns because it increases stockholders' equity, and increases

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