Page 50 - NAME OF CONDITION: REFRACTIVE ERRORS

Amikacin:

1% would be sufficient. Add 10cc distilled water to 100mg of Amikacin. Use a sterile empty
Xylocaine vial and place the cap for ready use.
All these solutions could be safely used for a week. If it is applied frequently as
recommended it will not last more than a week.

The treatment of fungal keratitis remains as a challenge. All the available antifungal agents

are fungistatic and not fungicidal. The penetration of the drugs is poor particularly when
the epithelial defect is small. It leads to prolonged treatment, often leading to poor
compliance with antifungal therapy. Natamycin (5%) and Amphotericin -B(0.15%-0.5%) are
the most efficacious among the available topical antifungal agents against filamentous
fungi. Voriconazole 1% is a recent addition in the treatment of filamentous fungi. A recently
published randomized clinical trial demonstrated that the safety and efficacy of Natamycin
and Voriconazole are comparable when used for fungal keratitis .Use of systemic anti-
fungals like imidazoles and triazoles are reserved for deep keratitis associated with scleritis
and endophthalmitis. The following table gives the dosage schedule of commonly used
antifungal agents.

Table 2: Therapy of fungal Keratitis

Organism Antibiotic Topical Systemic
Fusarium a. Natamycin 5% suspension not available
b. Amphotericin B 0.1 to 0.5 % I.V.use rarely

Aspergillus a. Amphotericin B 0.15% to 0.5% ----
b. Imidazole 1 –2 % 200 mg to 400 mg
(Prepare the suspension) daily - orally

Candida (rare) a. Fluconazole 0.3%
b. Nystatin ointment 1,00,000 

Other Drugs
 Itraconazole – oral – 300 mg daily (only 55 to 60 % efficacy)

Several clinical features suggest the response to antimicrobial therapy.
 Decreased pain.
 Consolidation and sharper demarcation of the periphery of the stromal infiltrate.

 Decreased density of the stromal infiltrate.
 Reduction of stromal edema and endothelial inflammatory plaque.
 Dilatation of the pupil.
 Re-epithelialization.

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