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GENERIC STEP-BY-STEP APPROACH STEP THREE

ACTIVITY 6 - DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM PROVISIONING OF
SERVICE POINTS

In determining the optimum provisioning and location of service points you need to conduct a constrained
catchment area analysis by applying the access standards of the department. Various factors can be
considered in the analysis:

 Extent of the target population within reach of service points. The target population could include
current population size and density or future population estimates.
 Access standards of your department including travel distance/time and population thresholds for
different types and sizes of service points.
 Availability of existing infrastructure that can be used as service points.
 Type of geographical area, e.g. urban, rural and sparsely populated human settlements.

The accessibility statistics that are produced during the unconstrained accessibility catchment area
analysis (see step 5) will assist you in deciding whether service points should be identified during the
accessibility modelling:

 Cover the entire study area under consideration, a percentage of the study area, or whether to identify
the location of only a certain number of new service points, or
 Optimise the provisioning and location of service points to achieve full population coverage or a set
percentage of population coverage across the study area.

Accessibility modelling will provide you with valuable

information on the optimum provisioning and location of
service points.

There are two possible approaches to conducting the accessibility modelling depending on the objectives
of your study. These approaches include Greenfields and Brownfields methodologies. A combination of
the approaches might, however, be required, depending on the results of the unconstrained catchment
area analysis (Activity 5).

❏ Greenfields – where you identify optimal sites for service points regardless of all existing facilities of
your department and other relevant departments or institutions. The advantage of this approach
is that it takes a fresh look at where facilities should be located considering the access standards
of a department and where the target population is situated. Furthermore, it is not influenced by
poor site location of existing facilities.
❏ Brownfields – where you include all existing facilities of your department and other possible service
infrastructure in determining the optimal location of new service points. The location of new service
points will thus be influenced by the location of existing facilities, based on the assumption that these
are optimally located in relation to the population demand and that they are adequately capacitated.
If facilities are dysfunctional you may possibly want to exclude them from the modelling exercise.

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